volume 4 ~ issue 7

The life prediction of cam and follower with static and dynamic analysis by finite element analysis (FEA) are studied in this paper. The performance of machine or engine depends on the appropriate working and life of cam and follower. The current cam and follower mechanism in four stroke engines employed a knife edge follower. In static analysis different types of stress developed in cam and follower are considered and in dynamic analysis natural frequency or vibration analysis with respect to given loading condition. The modeling, static and dynamic analysis of Cam and follower is done by using ANSYS 14.0 and life prediction of cam and follower is done by ANN.

KEY WORDS: Static Analysis, Dynamic Analysis, FEA, ANSYS, ANN.

This paper assesses the trends in voltage instability in the Nigerian Power System Network (PSN). Data of voltage instability were collected for the year (1995-2013) and was analyzed sequentially using simple statistics and the result interpreted graphically. The result shows an average collapse of 5.1% recorded during this period. 50.8%of the voltage collapses are as a result of total grid collapse while 48.4% collapses are as a result of partial grid collapse while 0.9% collapses caused by foreign objects. The paper therefore emphasizes how poor government policies had led to poor power generation hence leading to voltage instability in the Nigeria power system network.

KEYWORDS : Government Policy,Power Generation, Power System Network, Voltage Collapse.

This paper represents the overview of the 5G telecommunication features till date. It incorporates all the technological advancements from 0g to 5G. This paper deals with the evolution in the technology since 1970s. 1G to 5G telecommunication world has seen many improvements and advancements. user feedback mainly incorporates aspect of speed and data bandwidth. Hence the best feature of 5G is very high speed and unmatched data bandwidth which the user never exercised before.
     The forthcoming technology will not only have the core network as internet but will also support IPv6 and flat IP .the fifth generation will offer many exquisite kind of services like documentation supporting electronic transactions. Hence we throw some light on the overview of the latest advanced and most popular technology by providing some of the latest and basic researches across the globe.

KEYWORDS : 5G, bandwidth,1G, 2G 3G 4G, data rates, switching schemes.

This research was conducted on the culinary industrial that operate in the city of Kendari. The culinary industrial such as restaurants, small restaurants and food stalls. This research aims to; (1) know the entrepreneurial motivation of business culinary industrial in Kendari, (2) know the business performance of culinary industrial in Kendari, (3) know the effect entrepreneurial motivation on business performance of culinary industrial in Kendari.The population in this study was all the culinary industrial who received an operating license from the government of Kendari and registered as taxpayers in Regional Revenue Office of Kendari. Total population of 286 business units with the details; restaurant 38 units, small restaurant 81 units and food 167 units. The number of samples examined as many 30 samples, or 10.5 percent of the total population business units of the culinary industrial in Kendari. Sampling in each sub-population proportionally. Data collected by using interviews, questionnaires, and observation. Data analysis method used is simple linear regression using the program SPSS version 20.0. Research results show that: (1) Entrepreneurial motivation on business culinary industrial in Kendari very good, (2) Business performance of culinary industrial in Kendari very good, (3) Entrepreneurial motivation positive and significant effect on the business performance of the culinary industrial in Kendari , This indicates that the better entrepreneurial motivation of owned business culinary industrial, the better the performance of its business.

KEYWORDS : Entrepreneurial Motivation, Business Performance, Culinary Industrial.

The rapid chlorination kinetics of the regioisomers of resorcylic acid in aqueous medium by molecular chlorine at 7 pH has been studied by hydrodynamic voltammetry. The specific reaction rates for the chlorination of the alpha, beta and gamma isomers have been found to be 333, 867 and 170 M-1s-1 at 27.00 C respectively, thereby providing a quantitative estimation of the relative reactivities of these isomers elucidating the steric compulsions in the dynamics of these reactions.

KEYWORDS : Chlorination, Resorcylic Acid, Hydrodynamic Voltammetry

HUMAN activity recognition is one of the most promising research topics for a variety of areas, including pervasive and mobile computing, surveillance-based security, context-aware computing and AAL (Ambient Assistive Living).Activity recognition means, a task which involves identifying the physical activity a user is performing. In this proposed system, we describe the method of recognition of a child activity of both sexes up to the age of 16 to 29 months by using 3-axis accelerometers on leg, hand and waist of the body to prevent child accidents such as unintentional injuries at home. Falls are a major cause of injury in children. Child activities are classified into 6 daily activities which are rolling, standing still, sitting down, walking, toddling, crawling. The proposed system consists of five main components: 1) 3-axial accelerometer to measure movement in X, Y, Z direction. 2) the wireless receiver to receive the measured data over ZiGBee wireless protocol and transmit it to PC over USB connection; 3) the activity monitor and analyzer working on the PC to aggregate the measured raw data and to analyze behavioral characteristics using features and classifiers and 4) the GSM modem to broadcast emergency message alerts to their parents or a guardian. 5) The temperature sensor measures the body temperature of child.

KEYWORDS : Activity recognition, 3-axis accelerometer, GSM modem, Radio Frequency Identification System, Zigbee wireless module.

Customer service personnel in banks play many roles including prescribing and propagating bank products to current and prospective customers in a precise and consistent manner. These personnel are overstretched in reaching large number of contacts who may also be geographically dispersed, and merely placing product information on websites is not satisfactory. This research attempts to develop a web-based expert application to fill this gap. A number of customer service personnel were interviewed for expect knowledge, and related systems were examined in order to incorporating learnt ideas. The Prototype, horizontal and throwaway versions, software development life cycle model was adopted. Software development environment include WampServer, Adobe Dreamweaver, Hypertext Markup Language, Cascading Style Sheets, and Hypertext Preprocessor. The proposed application and idea would improve bank product prescription and propagation. Keywords: Bank, Products, Recommendation, Application, Propagation, Selling

The review report presents a procedure for weight optimization process through Ansys softwareusing finite element analysis.The automobile engine connecting rod is a high volume production component. It undergoes high cyclic loads of order which range 108 to 109 cycles from high compressive loads due to combustion, to high tensile loads due to inertia. It connects reciprocating piston to rotating crankshaft, transmitting the thrust of the piston to the crankshaft. Every vehicle that uses an internal combustion engine requires at least one connecting rod depending upon the number of cylinders. Connecting rods for automotive applications were typically manufactured by various manufacturing process like by forging from either wrought steel or powdered metal. They could also be cast, but castings could have blown-hole-free and better rods gives them an advantage over cast rods. But between the forging processes, powder forged or drop forged, each process has its own pros and cons. So in order to reduce the material cost and thus production cost it is better to optimize the weight or volume.This project entitled weight optimization process through Ansys software. In this with the help of generate code through Ansys API, we run the test to achieve the optimized weight condition of diesel engine connecting rod. It achieve saving in material, weight and cost for manufacturing diesel engine connecting rod.

KEYWORDS : Ansys, Connecting Rod, Cost, Optimize, Weight.

Injection of wind power into an electric grid usually affects the power quality of the system, - a parameter that is required to be within a specified voltage and frequency tolerances, and to have a pure noise-free sinusoidal wave shape so as to comply with the utility requirements. Voltage variation is the most common type of disturbance that affects the power quality and stability of grid connected wind power plants especially in weak grid or when the wind power penetration becomes relatively high. In order to ensure safety and reliability to consumers and their equipment, grid operators and wind farm vendors require a balanced three-phase a.c voltage with smooth sinusoidal shape and constant magnitude. However, the intermittency of wind, can tamper with the technical performance and reliability of the power system, hence, deteriorating the power quality. This paper investigates the two common types of voltage variations (sag and swell) that can occur when large amount of wind power is injected into the grid. A wind power plant (WPP) with doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is simulated using Simpower Simulink in MATLAB environment. The simulated system is subjected to two types of voltage variations, namely; voltage sag and voltage swell. The simulation results show how both disturbances (sag and swell) lead to fail function, system halt as well as complete system shut down, thereby deteriorating the power quality of the net system.

KEYWORDS : Power quality; voltage sag; voltage swell; WT; WPP.

Generalized open sets play a very important role in general topology and they are now the research topics of many topologists worldwide. Indeed a significant theme in general topology and real analysis concerns the various modified forms of continuity, separation axioms etc., by utilizing generalized open sets. In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of function called strongly b-δ- continuous function by using the notions of b-δ-open sets and b-δ-closed sets. We investigate some of the fundamental and basic properties of this strongly b-δ- continuous function.

KEYWORDS : δ - open sets, b-open set, b-δ-open sets, strongly b-δ-open function.

Today miniaturization of systems shows different novel properties and applications. These applications are very powerful and very useful in micro electronics and as well as nano electronics. Nano mechanical systems have the ability to change the society for better life in all spheres. After invention of MEMS, the invention of NEMS is showing a good development in this field. The present essay describes what are NEMS, how NEMS work? and their fabrication methods. It was also mentioned the materials which are used to fabricate NEMS, how they operated and modified and finally applications of NEMS. This article is useful for students, researchers and who have the interest in NEMS.

KEYWORDS : micromachining and detection, fabrication methods, actuation

Mixed crystals of alkali halides find their applications in optical, opto electronics and electronic devices. Binary mixed crystals of NaBr and KBr were grown by the slow evaporation method. Refractive indices of all the grown crystals were calculated using Abbe's refractometer and optical properties were determined by UV-Vis spectrometer. The detailed results are reported in this paper

Risk is associated with every aspect of our daily life. Furthermore, wherever risk exists, the tendency to adequately mange it will be found. However, on critical examination of the maritime industry, one would see that formal risk management has only become an integral process in the past few decades. One of the drivers for the recent sudden increased need to manage risk is the rapid development of technology; as a result risk and its management have turned to be wholly specialized subject. Traditional risk models are based on probability and classical set theory. They are widely used for assessing market, credit, insurance and trading risk. In contrast, fuzzy logic models are built upon fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, and they are useful for analyzing risks with insufficient knowledge or imprecise data. These latter types of risk typically fall into the operational risk or emerging risk category.

Key words; Risk Management, Maritime Rigs, Fuzzy Logic, Membership Function

We discuss approximation , - coapproximation, - orthogonality, - approximation preserving, - coaaproximation preserving and -orthogonality preserving maps in metric linear spaces. The results proved in the paper generalize and extend several known results on the subject. The Notion of othorgonality introduced by G.birkhoff [1] was used to characterize elements of best approximation in normed linear spaces (see [21], p.92). This notion of Orthogonality, extended to metric linear spaces was used to characterize elements of best approximation in [9] . A new kind of approximation , called best co-approximation was introduced and discussed in normed linear spaces by Franchetti and Furi [4] and subsequently many results on co-approximation appeared in normed linear spaces, metric linear spaces, metric spaces and other abstract spaces (see e.g.[10], [15]- [20] and reference cited therein). The notion of invariant best approximation in normed linear spaces was introducted and discussed by Meinardus [8] and thereafter Broswski [2] generalized result of Meinardus and proved some interesting results on invariance of best approximation. Various generalizations of their results appeared in literature since then in normed linear spaces (see e.g. [5]). Mazaheri and zadeh [7] discussed certain maps which preserve othrothogonality, best approximation and best co-approximation in normed linear spaces. The author in [12] extened the invariance principle of Meinardus to metric spaces and also discussed invariance of best approximation, best coapproximation and othorgonality in metric linear spaces in [14].

keyword : The research of the second author has been supported by University Grants Commission, India under Emeritus
Fellowship

The Ternary Quadratic Diophantine Equation given by is analyzed for its
patterns of non-zero distinct integral solutions. A few interesting relations between the solutions and special
polygonal numbers are exhibited.

Keywords: Ternary, Quadratic, Integral solutions.

Mixed crystals of alkali halides find their applications in optical, opto electronics and electronic devices. Binary mixed crystals of NaBr and KBr were grown by the slow evaporation method. Refractive indices of all the grown crystals were calculated using Abbe's refractometer and optical properties were determined by UV-Vis spectrometer. The detailed results are reported in this paper

Telescopes in general, as an astronomical instrument could not be completely defined as a word. A radio telescope which measures in the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM) is a directional antenna used in radio astronomy to detect radio waves. Higher angular resolution is achieved by using the principle of interferometer. In radio telescope array; the complex gain, the system temperature and the beam width are usually unknown and have to be calibrated. In this paper, I assembled and calibrated a radio telescope to determine these unknown parameters.
Key words: Beam width, Gain, Signal to noise ratio

Mixed crystals of alkali halides find their applications in optical, opto electronics and electronic devices. Binary mixed crystals of NaBr and KBr were grown by the slow evaporation method. Refractive indices of all the grown crystals were calculated using Abbe's refractometer and optical properties were determined by UV-Vis spectrometer. The detailed results are reported in this paper

Mixed crystals of alkali halides find their applications in optical, opto electronics and electronic devices. Binary mixed crystals of NaBr and KBr were grown by the slow evaporation method. Refractive indices of all the grown crystals were calculated using Abbe's refractometer and optical properties were determined by UV-Vis spectrometer. The detailed results are reported in this paper

In this paper, the dynamics of a discrete-time prey-predator system with a disease in the prey population is analyzed. The existence, the boundedness and the stability of equilibrium points were studied algebraically and proved that the system is qualitatively stable. The purpose of this work is to provide a mathematical framework to study the response of a predator – preymodel to a disease in the prey population and harvesting of diseased prey. Numerical Simulations reveal that the reasonable harvesting prevents the spread of disease.

Keywords: Discrete Model, Qualitative Stability, Diseased Prey, Equilibrium Points, Harvesting

The objective of this study is to generate fast, consistent and reliable outcomes for the risk analysis of construction projects. Proposed method uses discrete values for risk factors. Accordingly allots value range which influences cost figures in a bounded probability. The analysis formed on MS Excel add-in @Risk software creates the range of possibilities that generates probable scenarios. In addition, input data of the project simulated with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) method. Effect of each factor can vary according to its influence degree on cost item. Conducted study simplifies the risk assessment on cost figures, which indicates the importance ranking of risk factor on cost item. Also, developed model concurrently provides better estimate for the total cost of project. Used method has applied on a real case study. The results of the case study indicates high risk of cost overrun. In order to complete without overrun probability is %0,3 which is contracted amount for the selected project cost. On the other hand, there is a %99,7 probability of cost overrun, which indicates maximum cost overrun is approximately %10,1 of contracted amount. Also, the analysis identified which risk factors are more effective on total cost of project.

As we all appreciate that, globally CI engines run on petroleum products in general. The exhaust emitted due to burning of such fossil fuels greatly damage our environment. Therefore it is high time to think over and to act towards sustainable use of our natural resources such as petroleum products. Lubricants in practice now-a-days used as additive to the base fuel are all of petroleum origins. It is important to explore the satisfactory uses of such lubricants which are derived from renewable resources. Therefore the exploration towards use of alternative additives such as vegetable oil and oil cakes become very important towards saving our environment for our future generation. Vegetable oils and oil cakes are easily degradable since they are of organic nature. They are also non-conventional as they can be replenished by nature. Mechanical performances of C. I. engines resulting from the use of biolubricants is explored in the present investigation. For this purpose suitable admixture obtained from oilseeds were used. The experiments have been conducted with a mixture of palm oil, oil cakes into the base mineral oil, at different compositions. The selection of admixtures were made by performing kinetic rate study to know the equilibrium contact time which was found to be 1.5 hours in the present study. Blends of oilseed cake with palm oil in different compositions were added to base SAE 20W40 mineral oil to obtain different lubricant blends. The parameters evaluated include brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, volumetric efficiency, mechanical efficiency etc. The engine performance studies were carried out on a C.I. single cylinder, water cooled, 4-stroke engine. Compared to the use of mineral oil alone as lubricant, the Oilseed cake and palm oil-based, laboratory prepared lubricant revealed superior properties and offered appreciable expedience on engine. The several illustrative graphs plotted during the investigation supports our above findings.

Keywords: SAE 20W40: the engine oil used (ravenol motorbike4-t, mineral oil), CI: Compression Ignition Engine, Biolubricant: Lubricants derived from vegetable/animal fat origin.

The Brahmaputra river is one of the most important populated river basins of the world. The valley of the Brahmaputra occupies about 750km long depression with comparatively narrow belt having an average width of about 80-90km in Assam, India. . In the braided river like Brahmaputra many structures like bedforms and lithofacies are formed during transportation and deposition. The geological interpretation of various sedimentological structures is very essential for the understanding of depositional environment of the sediments. These interpretations can be done by detail field study of some individual structural feature that provides some clue in environmental interpretation. Lithofacies is a rock unit defined on the basis of its distinctive lithologic features including composition, grain-size, bedding characteristics and sedimentary structures (Miall,1985). Each lithofacies represents an individual depositional event. Lithofacies may be grouped into lithofacies associations or assemblages, which are characteristic of particular depositional environment (Duarah, 1999). In the field investigation the study of shape and size, distribution, vertical and lateral extensions of various sedimentary features are more important.

Keywords: Brahmaputra river, depositional environment, Lithofacies. Bedforms.

The effects of bambara nut shell (Voandzeia Subterranean)and corn chaff (ZeaMays) as fillers for the production of flexible polyurethane foam were studied and compared with calcium carbonate filled sample. The fillers were reduced to 60μm, and 20g (20% parts per hundred polyol) of the fillers were introduced into the foam mixture. The density and mechanical properties tests were carried out on the samples. The results showed increase in densities of the Bambara nut and corn chaff filled samples as compared with calcium carbonate filled sample. In addition, the bambara nut filled sample gave the highest tensile strength property of 0.1720N/mm2, it also showed 41.282mm for the elongation at break and 0.1934N/mm2 for the elastic modulus. The corn chaff filled sample showed the greatest compressive strength of 20.025N force. The calcium carbonate filled sample offered the least compressive strength of 14.40N force.

Keywords: Bambara nut shell, corn chaff, calcium carbonate, density, tensile strength, compressive strength

This project is about designing an Android based application that able to track the current location of a farmer's livestock. This application can assist farmer to track their lost or stolen livestock. Currently, farmer needs to manually look for their livestock without any proper assistance. In addition, the process can consume a lot of time and energy. This project is divided into three parts that are online database from Thingspeak.com, GPS Collar, and Android application. The system works strapping a device called GPS Collar around the livestock's neck. Then the current location of the livestock will be collected and uploaded by the GPS Collar to the Thingspeak.com database. Once the location data is successfully uploaded, the livestock location can be viewed with the farmer's Android device. This can be done by fetching the last data that is uploaded to the database. Therefore, this application can reduce the time taken for farmer to track their livestock.

Keywords: livestock tracking, Android application, GPS Collar, online database, Thingspeak.com.

Medical costs are calculated for HIV/AIDS for all age groups of Mexican people and sex into range of 2012-2050. Probabilities of entrance or disease detection, in treatment and death are calculated for each age group and sex. The maximum probabilities for each case are 1.07% (15-19 and 25-44), 5.038% (25-29) and 0.0749% - 0.106% (45-49, 85+) for male. Analogously, for female are 0.147% (20-24), 0.903% (25-29) and 0.0723% - 1.283% (45-49, 85+), respectively. The in treatment costs are more expensive for women than man. The maximum number of people in treatment is between 25-29 years old, decreasing after 50 years of age because of death. The sickness appears in early age (0-4) years old (probabilities new cases: 0.0506% male, 0.0353% female).

Keywords: medical costs, prospective, aging, health, HIV/AIDS.

Precise determination of engineering properties of soil is essential for proper design and successful construction of any structure. The conventional methods for determination of engineering propertiesof soils are invasive, costly and time-consuming. Electrical resistivity survey is an alternative and attractive tool for delineating subsurface properties without soil disturbance. Statistical correlations between electrical resistivity and other soil properties will enable us to characterize the subsurface soil without borehole sampling. This paper presents the part of research on correlations of electrical resistivity with properties of soil through the application of field electrical resistivity survey (VES) and laboratory electrical resistivity measurements in the soil horizon. From the data analysis, significant correlations have been obtained between resistivity, plasticity index and angle of internal friction of the weathered profiles in the Ophiolite suite of rocks in South Andaman. Thus the high and low resistivity value provides information about subsurface of the hard and weathered rock or clay. The subsurface information is very important to make necessary arrangement for making risk and mitigation studies. Integral study of geotechnical and geophysical study is very important for structural Engineering design of building or any civil construction.

Ultra-high energy efficiency is required for all the battery operated devices due to increased functionality on the single chip. In conventional digital VLSI design, it is assumed that a circuit/system should function perfectly to provide accurate results.There are many applications which can tolerate small amount of error in their processing e.g. image/video processing, commonly called error tolerant applications.For many digital systems, the data already contained errors. The proposed adder can be efficiently utilized in the image video processing applications. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed adder, proposed and existing adder architecture is implemented on MATLAB to evaluate error metrics and Tanner to evaluate design metrics. Simulation results shows that proposed adder significantly reduces power, area and delay at small loss in accuracy. Key Word:- VLSI, MATLAB, Image processing, Adder,Highspeed integrated circuits

Dhanekhali Handloom Industry of West Bengal enjoys a prominent place in the handloom map of rural India. The place has lent its name to the cotton weaved tant sari it produces. But recently due to various reasons, it is losing its importance. This study is aimed to address these reasons by investigating the socio-economic conditions and problems of the weavers and analysing the overall nature, production method and structure of the regional weaving co-operative society. Both pre and post-field studies, including the collection of primary and secondary data from the Dhanekhali Community Development Block and different co-operative staff are carried out to unearth the root cause of the problem and to perceive the impact on the socio-economic health of the weaving community. It is found that the industry is dominated by the male workers with very low educational profile. Income is paltry and that too in an irregular way, waxing and waning with the number of product output. This poor financial condition of the weavers finds its mark on the dismal condition of the whole industry. The situation is far more aggravated by the rocketing expenditure costs, the cost of raw materials and lack of domestic market and demand.

Keywords: Dhanekhali co-operative society, handloom, tant sari, weavers, weaving techniques.

The article deals with digital images which are corrupted by interfering signal representing random homogeneous or rare changes brightness of individual pixels. These changes matched Gaussian noise, impulse noise and their joint action. As usually to decreasing noises on the picture is used filtering. The known spatial and frequency filtering methods are leads to deteriorating sharpness images and recovering sharpness images are uses methods based on computing the second derivations, for example Laplacian. The main idea proposed approach is combined filtering methods and increasing sharpness. On the basis of quantitative criteria for estimation of quality and criteria of visual perception is studied rational combination of known types of filters. Several illustrative examples are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

Keywords: Composition, filtering, impulse noise, Gaussian noise, Laplacian, median, Wiener filtering.