National Conference On Intelligence In Electronics And Communication Engineering

Digital Remote Image (DRI) denoising using thresholding methods means find appropriate value (threshold) which separates noise values to actual image values without affecting the significant features of the image. The aim of this project is to develop a best poisson noise removal filter from the comparative study analysis of filtering methods and successive approximation based thresholding technique. To estimation poisson noise this is de-noised using successive approximation and filtering techniques. First the noise is removed by median filter and then removed by wiener filter. Second noisy image is denoised with the help of wavelet based techniques using thresholding Third thresholding is applied on the result of first and second simultaneously for image denoising and fourth PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio), MSE (Mean Square Error) calculated and results are compared in all cases.
Keywords:Poisson noise, Threshold method, PSNR, MSE, Image denoising, noise parameter estimation

Accurate Ventricular segmentation on computed tomography (CT) images is a challenging task because of inter and intra-patient variations in Ventricular shapes, similar intensity with its nearby organs. We proposed a Ventricular segmentation method based on region growing approach. First of all, basic theory of region growing approach is introduced. Secondly, a pre-processing method using anisotropic filter and Gaussian function is employed to form Heart likelihood images for the following segmentation. Thirdly, an improved slice-to-slice region growing method combined with centroid detection and intensity distribution analysis is proposed. Finally, the superior Ventricular region is extracted by applying the morphologic operation. Experiments on a variety of CT images show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. There are several reasons make the accurate segmentation in Ventricular difficult. Firstly, the image is always very noisy and the partial volume effect causes the Ventricular boundary ambiguous. Secondly, the overlaps result in gaps and cavities. Thirdly, there are large variations in human Ventricular geometric properties like Ventricular size and shape between patients, this can be worse if the patient has ventricular operations before due to alcoholic cirrhosis or Ventricular tumor

Key words:Myocardium segmentation, left right ventricle, shape segmentation, contour evolution

Reduction of static power and testing of the power switches has become the important nowadays in all VLSI manufacturing process. The proposed technique here is the Signature Analysis method to efficiently test the Power-switches. This concept gives us the technique to repair the Catastrophic and parametric faults including all manufacturing faults and also ability to tolerate the process variation. To perform the above signature analysis technique, a robust Built-In-Self-Test and Built-In-Self-Repair is used which is an very efficient and low cost testing method. Thus now the proposed technique has been modified with architectural change that still effectively detect the faults with less process variation and power dissipation and the comparative analysis of the voltage variations of the power gating structure is studied.

KEYWORDS :Built-in self-repair, Built-in self-test, , power switch test, process variation, tanner w-edit, modelism…

The limited modulation bandwidth and the non-linearity nature of LEDs are the key challenges to visible light communication. In general, one LED lamp consists of multiple LED chips. In this letter, these LED chips are used for parallel transmission though multi-LED phase-shifted OOK (MP-OOK) modulation. For MP-OOK, the bandwidth efficiency is approximate N times that of conventional OOK (N is the number of LED chips). For each branch, the modulation format is OOK. Hence, MP-OOK has a better anti-nonlinearity performance than other high-order modulation formats, such as DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM). The simulation comparisons between MP-OOK and DCO-OFDM verify these. VLC could also enable indoor as well as improve city canyon navigation where GPS signaling is weak or nonexistent. Due to the simplicity of its front-end hardware, it can play a significant role in enabling the Internet of Things and machine to- machine communications in general. Car-to car communications may be one of the first implementation scenarios as manufacturers are beginning to make a move toward solid-state lighting solutions. Other possible areas that stand to benefit from the practical implementation of VLC include museums, hospitals, and underwater communications.

KEYWORDS : Multi-LED phase-shifted OOK (MP-OOK) modulation, KEIL, Light-emitting diode (LED), Intercell interference coordination (ICIC).

The high speed multiplication operation plays a important part in Digital Signal Processor (DSPs). The FIR filter is also called as convolution filter since convolution is the fundamental concept of designing Finite Impulse Response filter. Vedic mathematics is the ancient mathematics which consists of 16 sutras. The use of multiplier with higher speed is of utmost importance to any DSP. The proposed method of multiplier is based on Vedic multiplication sutras. Vedic multiplication based on Urdhava Tiryagbhyam (vertically and crosswise) sutra. This algorithm is applied to digital arithmetic and multiplier architecture. The coding is simulating using Verilog and synthesis is done using Xilinx ISE 9.2i series. This Urdhava Tiryagbhyam multiplier can bring about great improvement in DSP performance.

KEYWORDS : Urdhava Tiryagbhyam, Vedic Multiplier, Verilog, FIR

A promising approach for processors and processor-based systems (e.g., systems on a chip, or SoCs) corresponds to the so-called software-based self-test (SBST) the basic idea is to generate test programs to be executed by the processor and able to fully exercise the processor itself or other components in the system, and to detect possible faults by looking at the produced results. One of the main advantages of SBST lies in the fact that it does not require any extra hardware; therefore, the test cost is reduced and any performance or area penalty is avoided. To provide high performances with reduced clock rate and power consumption. At the same time, there is an increasing request for efficient and optimal test techniques able to detect permanent faults in VLIW processors. Software based self-test (SBST) methods are a consolidated and effective solution to detect faults in a processor both at the end of the production phase or during the operational life; however, when traditional SBST techniques are applied to VLIW processors, they may prove to be ineffective (especially in terms of size and duration), due to their inability to exploit the parallelism intrinsic in these architectures.

KEYWORDS : Software-based self-test (SBST), test program generation, very long instruction word (VLIW) processors.

A wireless power transfer system for roadway powered electric vehicles (EVs) is presented. The system concept is using resonant inductive coupling of primary coils arranged in a linear array in the roadway to secondary coils in each EV. Due to the convenience of using electronic devices, contactless energy transfer (CET) systems have garnered interest in various fields of industry. In this system, a new design approach that uses antiparallel resonant loops for CET systems is presented. Forward and reverse loops forming an antiparallel resonant structure stabilize the transfer efficiency and therefore prevent it from dramatic distance-related changes, a phenomenon that can occur in CET systems with non-radiative methods (or resonant methods). This paper proposes frequency-insensitive antiparallel resonant loops and the optimal design of these loops for uniform transfer efficiency according to the distance. The proposed technique achieves frequency variation that is one-sixth that of conventional unidirectional loops, thus improving the power efficiency to a maximum of 87%. The improved performance of data transmissions for near-field communication is also verified. Effectiveness of the proposed approaches is demonstrated by using a dual-band (1.83/3.36 GHz) antenna of only 0.01λ2 in size. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) represents a major challenge for WPT, especially at low input power levels. Our results indicate that PCE is related to the distributions and the combinations of input power spectrum. Therefore, a novel multitone powering system is developed to achieve a high output voltage

KEYWORDS :Electrical vehicle system, Wireless power transmission, IGBT, OLEV.

In this project, we investigate the use of indirect approach in Pulse Width Modulator for the design of low-power low-distortion digital Class D amplifier, employing Three State Delta-Sigma Modulation. The amplifier that was built comprised of a three-state Delta-Sigma modulator, an H-bridge amplifier, and a passive filter and was capable of accepting both digital and analog audio inputs with less harmonic distortion (THD) and greater than 100 dB zero-input signal to noise (SNR) ratio. The goal of this project was to create an 80W, 95% efficient Class D audio amplifier with less than 0.5% harmonic distortion and greater than 100 dB zero-input signals to noise ratio that accepts digital inputs. The amplifier that was built comprised of a three-state digital modulator, an H-bridge amplifier, and a passive filter and was capable of accepting both digital and analog audio inputs by means of the SPDIF protocol and an ADC. To allow the modulator design to be quickly altered, it was implemented on a DSP. Because the modulator could be easily changed, several different modulation schemes were simulated, designed and tested in order to achieve optimal audio quality and efficiency results.

KEYWORDS : Three state delta sigma modulation, H-bridge amplifier, Passive filter, SPDIF Protocol.

Robotic industry has been replaced human efforts gradually in performing rather difficult tasks. Here we are combining autonomous obstacle detection Robot , fire sensing robot , GSM controlled Robot and Bomb detecting Robot .This Robot can play a significant role in reducing human effort and saving a lot of time by smart sensing and navigation technique. It finds its usage in diverse number of fields. It can be used in areas such as military service, fire service, and even in homes too .This Robot can be used to accomplish the assigned missions in an unpredictable environment. In our task we are designing a single Robot which can perform all the above operations and hence control the delay in performing the task with appropriate programming. We are using multisensor integration technique to sense fire, obstacle, bomb using fire sensor, ultrasonic transducer and proximity sensor integrated with AT89S52 microcontroller. In this paper we have developed an embedded C program code to design our Robot.

KEYWORDS :Robotics, Ultrasonic transducer, fire sensor, proximity sensor, Embedded C.

This paper describes about the implementation of wireless automatic electric meter (AMR) network, implementing based on Zigbee technology for reduced power consumption. Wireless Electric meter is used for the collection of unit count and it is evolved from traditional meter reading scheme and power theft from the transmission line. This wireless automatic reading technology saves human resources and improves the accuracy. Zigbee is used as communication protocol since the application don't need high speed data rate, need to be low powered and low cost. Reduced power consumption can be effectively achieved and this system focussed to implement in a building or in an office.

KEYWORDS: zigbee technology

OCB283 is a versatile digital switching system designed to meet all types of modern communication needs. The system has novel features like automatic recovery and double remoting. Due to these features and because of existing E10B system, the system is especially suitable for Indian network. OCB283 is a system which contains many PCBs for different functions involved in a telephone exchange. The ACAJA5 card is the internal ring communication controller based on token ring protocol. The aim of our project is to check the memory section of the card using program in Visual Basic6.0 by interfacing the card to the PC. To achieve this we have to interface the card with PC using an interface circuit. This interface card is connected with PC through Enhanced Parallel Port. Software is developed using Visual Basic to achieve our aim. This project will enable us to have an easy mechanism of automatically testing the ACAJA5 card instead of the older method using rack system

KEYWORDS : OCB283, ACAJA5 card, Enhanced Parallel Port, Visual Basic6.0

As we know that electrical energy plays a major role in day to day human life. It is not possible to imagine human life without electrical energy. This is because of the storage problem i.e. the electrical energy cannot be strong but is generated from natural sources and delivered as demand arises. An electrical engineer always tries to generate, transmit, and distribute the electrical energy at affordable cost while satisfying the constraints. Economic Dispatch is the process of allocation of optimal load to each committed generators while satisfying the equality and inequality constraints. The objective is to minimize the fuel cost by maintaining the generation power in limits and to reduce the computational time. The Economic Dispatch(ED) has been frequently solved by using classical optimization methods. In this proposed method the ED problem is formulated and solved by Particle Swarm Optimization technique. Three case studies are carried out on 6-unit and 15-unit systems. The solution is developed using MATLAB. Cost Generation is taken as an objective function and it is compared with the results of Genetic Algorithm (GA).

KEYWORDS : Cost Function, Economic Dispatch, Power Loss, Objective function, Particle Swarm Optimization, Constraints..

Image denoising has become an essential exercise in medical imaging especially the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In the proposed method noisy image is first decomposed into subband by wavelet transform and the nonlocal means filter is applied to each subband. This proposed method preserves the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the structures, while effectively suppressing noisy ones. Experimental results are also compared with the other different techniques like median, wiener, wavelet, wavelet based wiener, non-local mean. The quality of the output images is measured by the statistical quantity measures such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Mean square error (MSE) .The quantitative and the qualitative measures used as the quality metrics demonstrate the ability of the proposed method for noise suppression.

KEYWORDS : Denoising, Wavelet, MRI, Wiener filtering, NLM.

Steganalysis of image and text is done by the use of Reversible watermarking and Lossless Data hiding techniques respectively. Reversible watermarking is a special watermarking technique which allows to extract both the hidden image and the exact original image from the watermarked content by the use of DWT coefficients. Reversible data hiding (RDH), the original cover can be restored without losses after the embedded information is extracted by histogram shift (HS) method. In RDH, CA is used for encryption and decryption of a cipher text. The Discrete wavelet transform is more efficient at higher threshold values. Here we improve PSNR, MSE values and the extracted image will have the same image quality and resolution.

KEYWORDS : Reversible watermarking, Reversible data hiding, Histogram Shifting, Steganography.

lung nodules that are missed by radiologists as well as computer-aided detection (CADe) schemes overlap with ribs or clavicles in (CXRs). Computed tomography is used to detect the lung nodules but it's costlier. The proposed method uses the X-Rays, are preferred due to cost effective, low radiation dose and effective diagnostic tool. Computerized Detection Scheme system detected nodule candidates on VDE images by use of lung segmentation and morphological filtering techniques. Segmentation of lung regions based on our M-ASM and nodules at the lung borders by using coarse to fine segmentation techniques and watershed segmentation algorithm. The classification and feature analysis of the nodule candidates into nodules or non nodules by use of non linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Gaussian kernel classifier. By implementing this work, experimental results show that the different rib contrast parameter, smoothness and entropy are compared with conventional method.

KEYWORDS :CXR, MTANN, VDE, Feature extraction.

Digital watermarking has been widely used to protect the copyright of digital images. Robust Reversible Watermarking (RRW) methods are popular in multimedia for the protection of data and providing robustness against unintentional attacks. This project presents a novel pragmatic framework, Wavelet-Domain Statistical Quantity Histogram Shifting and Clustering (WSQH-SC). WSQH-SC constructs a new watermark embedding and extraction procedures by histogram shifting and clustering, which are important for improving robustness and reducing run-time complexity. This proposes an image preprocessing method called Property Inspired Pixel Adjustment (PIPA). PIPA can effectively handle the overflow and underflow of pixels. For more security, zero mean spreading code is used before encryption. Furthermore, to increase the resolution with the reduction of data loss a single image super resolution method is used. This can be done by nearest embedding algorithm. So that, the secret input data is embedding only in the high resolution patches of the input image. K-means clustering algorithm is used to recover the watermarks by modeling the extraction process as a classification problem. Here the three parameters, such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR),Bit Error Rate(BER) and embedding capacity are estimated for the performance evaluation.

KEYWORDS :Enhanced Pixel-Wise Masking (EPWM), Integer Wavelet Transform(IWT), Just Noticeable Distortion(JND), Statistical Quality Histogram(SQH),Mean of Wavelet Coefficients(MWC)

Gas leakage is a major problem with industrial sector, residential premises etc. One of the preventive methods to stop accident associated with the gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detection kit at vulnerable places. The aim of this project is to present such a design that can automatically detect, alert and control gas leakage. In this project, after the leakage of gas is detected, the valve is automatically closed, thereby stopping the leakage. Then the electric power supply is also shut down to prevent fire accidents. In particular, gas sensor has been used which has high sensitivity to gases like propane and butane. Gas leakage system consists of GSM module, which alerts the user by sending SMS.

KEYWORDS : GSM (Global System for mobile communications), LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas), Gas sensor MQ-6, Stepper motor driver IC (ULN2003A), PIC Microcontroller (PIC16F877A), Relay

Ternary Content Addressable memory used to give a high speed of searching operation. Ternary Content Addressable memory having some disadvantages like less bit density, access and searching of data will be very slow, cost of the TCAM is thirty percent more per bit then it has low scalability and architecture of TCAM is more complex than the Random Access Memory (RAM),finally TCAM's are more expensive. In this paper introducing a check/parity bit to boost the searching speed of Hybrid Partition SRAM based TCAM with less power and delay. A new memory architecture called S-TCAM, which perform TCAM operation with SRAM memory. The architecture of HP SRAM based TCAM with a parity bit was verified by VERILOG in ModelSim .Delay and power factor will be analysis in Xilinx ISE. Power will be reduced upto 30% and delay will be reduced up to 36% compared to previous methods.

KEYWORDS : Static Random Access Memory Based TCAM (S-TCAM), Ternary content Addressable memory, HP, Modelsim, Xilinx ISE .

An intelligent household LED lighting system considering energy efficiency and user satisfaction is proposed here. The proposed system utilises multi sensors and wireless communication technology in order to control LED light according to the user state and surrounding. The proposed LED lighting system can automatically adjust the light intensity values by sensing the intensity of sunlight to enhance energy efficiency. Here the PIR sensor and LDR sensors are used to control the brightness of the LEDs. Also a PC is used to monitor the whole operation using zigbee transceivers. In addition to that an android application is installed in smart phones to adjust the brightness of the light for user satisfaction.

Image denoising has become an essential exercise in medical imaging especially the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In the proposed method noisy image is first decomposed into subband by wavelet transform and the nonlocal means filter is applied to each subband. This proposed method preserves the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the structures, while effectively suppressing noisy ones. Experimental results are also compared with the other different techniques like median, wiener, wavelet, wavelet based wiener, non-local mean. The quality of the output images is measured by the statistical quantity measures such as peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and Mean square error (MSE) .The quantitative and the qualitative measures used as the quality metrics demonstrate the ability of the proposed method for noise suppression.

KEYWORDS : Denoising, Wavelet, MRI, Wiener filtering, NLM.

A camera-based assistive text reading and voice reorganization framework to help blind persons read text labels and product packaging from hand-held objects in their daily lives. To isolate the object from cluttered backgrounds or other surrounding objects in the camera view, we first propose an efficient and effective motion based method to define a region of interest (ROI) in the video by asking the user to shake the object. In this system, we add speech recognition with existing method. The microphone fixed in blind peoples or visually impaired people body. The camera helps us to identify the products to the people and people wants select the product just they say "OK" that product will entered in billing list.