volume 6 ~ issue 10

This research involves integrating a representation of water supply into an energy systems model to better reflect the interdependent nature of the energy-water nexus in South Africa; the water challenges facing the energy system are therefore of primary interest. The research methodology developed focuses on embedding the various water supply options in a least-cost optimization platform, so that the cost of water is fully captured as energy sector investments are planned, and any changes in these investments due to implementing this nexus approach can be quantified. The results of this investigation demonstrate the process and type of tools that can be employed to examine the water-energy nexus and the insights that can be gained from integrated energy-water planning.................

Keywords - ...........

This research was conducted in coastal area of Bone Bay Southeast Sulawesi Province with the aim to formulate Strategy development of fishery business in coastal area Bone Bay Southeast Sulawesi Province. The type of data used in this study is primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected in the field were obtained from observations, both in the form of questionnaires, focus group discussions, interviews with related parties and documentation. Primary data is more focused on the performance of the fisheries sector in the economic, social, environmental and institutional sectors as well as the problems faced by each sector. The method of analysis used to achieve the research objectives is SWOT analysis. The result of research by using SWOT analysis, it is formulated that to develop fishery business in coastal area of Bone Bay Southeast Sulawesi, the strategy that must be done is: (1) Optimization of capture fishery potential through government support..........

Keywords - Strategy development, Fishery business and Coastal area.

This study was conducted in the coastal area of Southeast Sulawesi with the aim of: (1) To know the condition of seaweed business in coastal area of Southeast Sulawesi; (2) Knowing seaweed marketing channel in coastal area of Southeast Sulawesi. The populations of this study are all business actors (fishermen / farmers) of seaweed in coastal area of Southeast Sulawesi. Given the limited time and financing of this study conducted a sample on some districts that are considered to represent or represent the characteristics of the existing population. The type of data to be used in this study was primary data obtained from the respondents by using questionnaires. The analytical method used descriptive analysis..........

Keywords - Seaweed business and marketing channel.

This study is an attempt to investigate the procurement system processes in Turkey based on construction works. There are two pioneering legislative regulations have been made for over thirty years of Turkish procurement system; State Procurement Law, nr. 2886, which was prevailed between the years of 1984 and 2003 (in some cases still prevailed) and Public Procurement Law, nr. 4734, which has been valid since 2003 year. In this context, this study examines, presents and compares the completed public construction building projects procured under these Laws. Time-cost relationships of the public projects, which were procured under different procurement processes, have been individually investigated for both contractual and actual...........

Keywords - Project duration, public procurement law, state procurement law, time-cost relationship, Turkey.

In Nigeria, the production of sachet and bottled water for drinking has been on the increase that few dealers of the products may have been involved in sharp and unlawful practices leading to poor physicochemical water qualities. Temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (Ec) of commonly consumed sachet and bottled water in Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Imo State were determined, using standard analytical procedures. Thirty two (32) water samples comprising of eight (8) samples each from Eva bottled water, Alvana Table bottled water, Izzy sachet water and kechy sachet water were systematically selected in order to ascertain the safety of the drinking water according to World Health Organization, (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards.........

Keywords - Physicochemical water quality, WHO, NSDWQ, sachet water, bottle water

Currently, teachers are responsible for the students to be knowledgeable about curriculum content and to know how to motivate learning in their learners. However, evidence of student learning at the K–12 level indicates that teachers may need to give more attention to this expectation. In last years the emphasis in both, research and government policy, has been on improving the quality and depth of teaching with a view to enhance learning. This paper combines educational research with instructional technologies to build a Deep and Active Learning Model with three active dimensions (teachers, learners, and technology)..........

Keywords - Active learning, Deep learning, Challenges, Learner, Mobile Devices, K-12, Games.

Industrial Revolution during the 18th century gave rise to increased use of and dependence on fossil fuels. As a result, there is an observed increase in greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5, average global temperature increased by 0.85°C from 1880 to 2012 (IPCC 37). This warming is pointed out as a result of increased anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The Arab region is among the world's most vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The region is challenged by scarce water resources, very low precipitation and extreme events. Very high temperatures were observed recently, together with the increased strength of typhoons, high ocean water temperatures, more frequent heat waves, less but more intense rainfall, prolonged droughts, sea-level rise, more intense cyclones and changing rainfall and temperature patterns (Verner 11).

Keywords - .......

High speed of response, large generated force, high precision and ultra-low power consumption are some of the advantages why piezoelectric actuators are widely used in modern car fuel injectors, in automated sperm injection systems, cell surgery, nanorobotics and etc. However, hysteresis nonlinearity in piezoelectric actuators affects precision of the actuators, and hence, it limits the maximum benefits that can be achieved using PEA. In this paper, we propose an experimental process that can be used to capture hysteresis nonlinearity in piezoelectric actuator. Hysteresis minimization by using PID based feedback control and Inverse multiplicative techniques have been investigated. The performances of the different minimization techniques for level of hysteresis minimization were investigated based on integral absolute error (IAE)..........

Keywords - Bouc-Wen model, hysteresis, image processing, optimization, inverse model, PID, piezoelectric actuator, system identification.

The removal of harmful substances such as Lead (Pb) from wastewaters using locally available resources is essential to the environment and in promoting indigenous technology. This study investigated the development of organically modifiedclay from Alkaleri in North Eastern Nigeria for wastewater treatment containing Lead (II) ion. The batch adsorption of Pb2+ in aqueous solutions onto hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) bilayer modified clay (BMC), monolayer modified clay (MMC) and unmodified kaolinite clay (UKC) was studied at constant pH of 3 and stirring speed of 400 rpm. The results obtained showed the removal efficiencies of Pb2+ by BMC, MMC and UKC from the contaminated wastewater as 99.68%, 69.22%, and 34.70% respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+ contaminant onto BMC, MMC and UKC were 9.9681 mg/g, 6.9217 mg/g and 3.4700 mg/g at 180 minutes respectively.........

Keywords - Contaminant, HDTMA-Br, Isotherms, Kaolinite clay, Kinetics.

Lithofacies analysisservesas a viable means of reconstructing the depositional environments of sedimentary bodies. Through core descriptions of the reservoir sand bodies, nine lithofacies types have been identified, namely: Fineto Medium GrainedSandstone Facies (FMS), Cross-bedded Fine to Medium Grained Sandstone Facies (CFMS), Sandy Heterolithic SandstoneFacies(SHS), Muddy Heterolithic SandstoneFacies(MHS), Mudstone Facies (MF), Medium to Coarse Grained Sandstone Facies (MCS), Bioturbated Fine to Medium Grained Sandstone (BFMS) and Coarse to Pebbly Grained Sandstone (CPS). Four types of facies associations (shoreface, channel deposits, braided bars and shelfalmuds) were inferred. The ichnofossils present were a preponderance of Ophiomorpha and Skolithos; occurring sparingly were the Planolites and Paleophycus.

Keywords - Facies, Ichnofacies, Heterolithic, Lithofacies

Sizing and economic assessment of solar photovoltaic (PV) and diesel power generators for Igu village in Bwari, FCT-Abuja was carried out. Load survey of the site was carried out in order to get the actual solar radiation (using full PV, HT ITALIA 2010 analyzer), village load requirement and other sundry data (using structured questionnaire). An off-grid solar PV design was done for the village. Life cycle cost analysis was used to assess the economic viability of the PV and generating systems respectively using Music Macro Language (MML) to allow for the calculation and comparison of the levelised costs of electricity generation for the two systems............

Keywords - Photovoltaic, diesel, assessment, economic, sizing.

A railway system has been regarded as a means of safe and reliable transportation of human being and goods. However, as the running speed of the trains gets up and the mode of operation tends to be unattended, handling the complexity of the development together with safety assurance becomes a crucial issue. For this reason, systems engineering (SE)-based development of railway systems turned out to be a good candidate approach. As such, numerous attempts to accommodate SE knowledge have been made in Korea and abroad. SE activities have been forced to be performed in Light Rapid Transit projects in Korea. However, due to the lack of understanding of SE process or sometimes misunderstanding among various stakeholders of the railway systems, SE has not been applied properly..............

Keywords - Railway Systems Development, Requirements Management, Safety, Systems Engineering, Verification and Validation.

Glass sample of Yttrium Zinc Lithium Bismuth Borate (20-x) Bi2O3:15Li2O:15ZnO:10Y2O3:40 B2O3: x Eu2O3. (where x=1,1.5,2 mol%) have been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The absorption spectra of three Eu3+ doped yttrium zinc lithium bismuth borate glasses have been recorded at room temperature. The various interaction parameters like Slater-Condon parameters FK (k=2,4,6), Lande' parameter (ξ4f), nephelauexetic ratio (β'), bonding parameter
(b1/2) and Racah parameters EK (k=1,2 3) have been computed. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters and laser parameters have also been calculated. The large stimulated emission cross-section in bismuth borate glasses suggests the possibility of utilizing these systems as laser materials.

Keywords -Yttrium Zinc lithium bismuth borate glasses, Energy interaction parameters, Optical properties, Judd-Ofelt analysis.

Galvanic sludge is generated from Hot Dip Galvanizing (HDG)process during metal surface treatment. The sludge is a heavy metal laden waste that require efficient treatment to meet up with increasingly stringent environmental regulation, but this cannot be achieved without proper investigation into the properties of the sludge. This research work characterised galvanic sludge from KISWIRE Sdn Bhd so as to determine the physiochemical and other relevant properties of the sludge prior to treatment in a direct current transfer arc low thermal plasma. The characterisation is required to determine the extent of treatment using thermal plasma technique. The result of proximate analysis reveals the galvanic sludge to have 67.055%, 11.485% 19.30%, and 2.16% (as air dry basis) of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content andfixed carbon respectively..............

Keywords - Galvanic Sludge, MoistureContent, Heavy Metals, Ultimate Analysis.

Pollution from Industrial waste has become an increasingly serious problem in the developing countries, by posing harm to the human being health and the environment. 10th of Ramadan city considered the first industrial city established in Egypt, all types of wastewater discharged into the oxidation ponds for further treatment. This paper aims at evaluating the impact of the oxidation bonds on the groundwater system in this city, through coupling HYDRUS and MODFLOW for studying contaminates transport in both the unsaturated and saturated zone. The contamination degree of the 15 water samples collected from the wastewater of the oxidation ponds and groundwater wells revealed that both of them are highly contaminated with heavy metals...............

Keywords - Industrial waste, Pollution, Environmental Impact, HYDRUS-1D, MODFLOW-3D.

New instructive advancements (like Mobile phone) can give extensive volumes of data and information to learners and conquer the restrictions of time and space, this makes a circumstance where learning happens quicker, less demanding, better and more economical. With the rapid technology developing traditional learning methods become less affective, at the same time mobile learning turned into useful way that the student used for learning, this way changed the environment of education, by adding technology to education, it makes the education more usable, entertainment and available for everyone. However, this method has some disadvantages, in this paper we study the affect of mobile learning in the future of education, this effect will be both either positive or negative, and we will see the probability that if the mobile learning will replace the traditional learning, especially in young student.

Keywords - E-learning, education, mobile learning, education technology.

In the case of high voltage lines, the role of insulators is twofold: to support the weight and tensile forces of the electrical cables and then to maintain the isolation distance between the live conductors and the metal pylons. Overhead lines and substations in power transmission systems are exposed to various constraints including pollution of insulators which is a factor of energy loss especially during bad weather. Dust, acids, salts and other pollutants found in the atmosphere are deposited on the insulators and thus reduce their insulating properties.Indeed, in times of rain or fog, the polluting deposits that attach to the insulating surfaces considerably reduce the surface resistivity of the insulators and the bypass by the electric arcs can then occur.This article explains the problem and lays down the calculation bases for an evaluation of these energy losses in insulators of high voltage lines.

Keywords - Pollution, insulators, energy losses, power lines.

Computer networks have become extremely important in our present-day society. A majority of companies depend on the proper functioning of their networks for communications, administration, automation, e-business solutions, etc. The Local Area Network (LAN) is the most basic and important computer network owned by individual companies and could be used for interconnection with wide area networks. A LAN permits effective cost sharing of high-value data processing equipment such as mass storage media, mainframe computers or minicomputers, and high-speed printers. Resource sharing is probably equally as important where a LAN serves as the access vehicle for an intranet or the Internet. In view of this, system managers need professional tools to help them with the design and maintenance of LANs................

Keywords - Computer Networks, IP Addresses, Ping Test, Simulation Tool, Subnetting, VLANs.

Among the renewable energy resources, the energy due to the photovoltaic (PV) has become increasingly popular as the desire for clean energy has grown. This study addresses the effect of weather variability in predicting solar PV power generation and is build based on the premise that performance can be improved when solar PV generation system is integrated by interfacing it with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system. The power prediction model and the maximum power point tracking controller is designed using adaptive neuro – fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and fuzzy logic (FL) respectively. The ANFIS based power prediction model incorporates a PV module, MPPT controller and a DC – DC boost converter..............

Keywords - Intelligent technique, Maximum power point tracking, Power Prediction model, Scenario.

This research was done using satellite imagery. It was aimed to reduce its sustainable impact on environmental damage. Research method was field survey and the use of landsat 8 OLI satellite data. Data analysis was done by remote sensing techniques. Results showed that a decrease in the greenness of vegetation, and an increase in temperature. The relationship between NDVI and LST is inversely proportional. From the research, it can be concluded that the environmental damage has been identified in Pakpak Bharat.

Keywords - Pakpak Bharat Regency, Environmental Change, 8 OLI Landsat, Temperature (LST), NDVI.

This study aims to determine and analyze the implementation of civil brotherhood policy in empowering the poor in Kendari City. This research uses a qualitative approach to reveal the facts of implementation of civil fraternal policy in empowering the poor in Kendari City. Data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews and document studies. The research data is analyzed descriptively qualitative. The result of the study shows that the implementation of civil fraternity policy in empowering the poor as much as 30.2% in Kendari City can be done through four aspects of empowerment namely: employment; housing; education and mental spiritual; and aspects of housekeeping. Implementation of civil fraternity policy can reduce poverty rate in Kendari City.

Keywords - Policy, Implementation, Brotherhood, Civil, Society, Poor.

Nowadays gadgets are the number one source for parent to use to educate their children and also for their daily entertainment, but the gadget itself can affect the brain growth of their kids by using the gadget for a long period of time, which their kid will be expose to excessive light and some radio wave that emitted from their gadget. Our objective is to make an attractive educational application according to the current technology outside and to make sure it is affordable for all family standards. With the conductive ink in the market, it may help parents to use it and replace the gadgets for their kid education. With the using of conductive ink, it can boost their kid creativity by making their own way of learning and to make sure everything their doing is perfectly safe to avoid worrying for parents. Because conductive ink are water-based paint and it is nontoxic, easy to wash and it versatile so can be use it anywhere.

Keywords - ............

The finite element method was used to calculate electric potential within ZnS particles (diameter: ~ 30 μm) surrounded by a dielectric matrix with various charges. The dielectric matrix used in the simulation is nylon, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyimide (PI), polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PVDF_10 (polyvinylidene fluoride) and PVDF_50. As a result, the trapped electrons of ZnS in the PTFE dielectric matrix can be more freely moved to the conduction band, assuming that the PTFEhas the highest potential gradient that can detrapelectrons better at shallow trap levels among other dielectric matrices.

Keywords - Dielectric matrix, electric field, detrapping, ZnS particle.

The development of new construction materials using recycled plastic is important to both the construction and the plastic recycling industries. Manufacturing of fibers from industrial or postconsumer plastic waste is an attractive approach with such benefits as concrete performance enhancement, and reduced needs for land filling. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Plastic fibers obtained locally from recycled waste on plastic shrinkage cracking of ordinary cement based mortar. Parameters investigated include: fiber length ranging from 20 to 50 mm, and fiber volume fraction ranging from 0% to 1.5% by volume...............

Keywords - Mortar, plastic, shrinkage cracking, compressive strength, RF recycled fibers.

In this study, the future and importance of the establishing space and satellite engineering in Turkey are analyzed in various points of view with the help of former studies, comprehensive research, and inspection of the system. In this manner, firstly space and satellite technologies and importance of these technologies are defined and emphasized. Then, space and satellite technologies in Turkey and the world are compared technically by looking at the curriculum of the universities of the world and Turkey. This comparison is between universities which have space and satellite engineering around Turkey and the world, shows necessities to have this kind of departments in universities................

Keywords - Space Engineering, Engineering Education, Satellite and Space Education Curriculum, Turkey's 2023 plan

Use of digital display devices has become routine and is being used by a major proportion of the population. Also, the side effects of the digital technology are becoming widespread simultaneously. The measures to make the users aware about these ill effects and the methods to curtail them do not seem to be stringent. Hence, this short survey was conducted to assess the self-perceived awareness about the availability and use of the digital display terminals. It was observed that the use of smart phones is the most common among the digital devices studied and majority of the users are using them for very long durations per day.

Keywords - Blue light, Digital display terminals, Digital eye syndrome.

Due to the increasing obesity rate, it is crucial to investigate repetitive loading consequences at the lower extremity. The aim of this study was to identify possible relationship between body mass index and gait parameters.60 male adults with good health were recruited for this study. Two-dimensional gait system of a synchronized 60 Hz camera with an AMTI force platform were used for measuring gait kinematics and kinetics while walking at a self-selectedspeed. Compared to normal weight participants, overweight and obese subjects showed decreased stride length and reduced walking speed with inverse weak significant correlation with body mass index. Allthe participants walked with similar joint angular displacements regardless of their weight status. The ground reaction forces with the exception of the maximum lateral force, were all increased as body mass index increased.................

Keywords - Body mass index, Gait analysis, Kinematic, Kinetic, Obesity.

Organic geochemical and palynological studies were carried out to characterize and evaluate the source rock potentials of the Mamu Formation exposed at Benin flank of the Anambra Basin. Organic geochemical techniques and palynological studies were carried out to determine the organic matter richness, kerogen types, maturation, age and environment of deposition of the deposite. The analytical results of the studied samples reveals that the Total organic carbon content and Hydrogen Index (HI) ranged from 1.08 – 3.81wt% and 260 – 1005 mgHC/g respectively indicating that the samples are fair to good source rocks. The cross-plot of HI/OI indicates that they are predominantly of Type III/II kerogen.................

Keywords - Palynology, Organic geochemistry, mamu Formation, Source rock, Anambra Basin.

Attempts to reduce electricity cost, together with improving the efficiency of power distribution systems, have led power sectors to dealing with the problem of power loss minimization. Although losses in the system can never be entirely eliminated, they can be controlled and minimized in several ways. Research conducted in the last few decades has proven that an inclusion of Distributed Generation (DG) into distribution systems considerably lowers the level of power losses. Moreover, the choice of DG is even more attractive since it provides not only benefits in power loss minimization , but also a wide range of other advantages including environment, economic, power qualities and technical issues..................

Keywords - Distribution system, power distribution economics,distributed generation, load flow analysis, Optimal Location ,power losses.

Attempts to reduce electricity cost, together with improving the efficiency of power distribution systems, have led power sectors to dealing with the problem of power loss minimization. Although losses in the system can never be entirely eliminated, they can be controlled and minimized in several ways. Research conducted in the last few decades has proven that an inclusion of Distributed Generation (DG) into distribution systems considerably lowers the level of power losses. Moreover, the choice of DG is even more attractive since it provides not only benefits in power loss minimization , but also a wide range of other advantages including environment, economic, power qualities and technical issues..................

Keywords - Distribution system, power distribution economics,distributed generation, load flow analysis, Optimal Location ,power losses.

The study field is a green field with limited well penetrations. The objective reservoir is a relatively shallow one, with five well penetrations. Two of the wells are wet while the rest penetrated hydrocarbon bearing intervals. Well logs acquired in one of the wells show the presence of gas. Assessment of sidewall samples and ditch cuttings further validated the presence of gas in the reservoir. However, no contact has been logged from any of the wells. 3D static modelling captured static uncertainties of the reservoir following identification of limitations to reservoir development (key amongst which are the fluid contact uncertainty of 103ft between Gas-Down-To and Water-Up-To, and structure).................

Keywords - Fluid Contact, hydrostatic pressure, Partially Appraised Field, Water Up To, Gas Down To.

Cases of fluorosis caused by ingestion of water with high fluoride content in parts of northern Nigeria have been confirmed and the use of clays in defluoridation of water in other parts of the world is documented. Thispilot study was conducted in an attempt to view the efficiency of locally sourced clays for remediation of fluoridated water. Three clays were chosen based on their availability close to Langtang, an area of endemic fluorosis which is located around latitude 9°9ˈN and longitude 9°48ˈE in the southern part of Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Clays from Shendam, Pushit and Mper with fluoride contents 495, 390 and 601 ppm respectively were selected for fluoride remediation................

Keywords - Fluorosis, fluoride, defluoridation, remediation

The Brahmaputra River exhibits braided pattern during its journey through Assam and is marked by the development of various types of structural elements by the process of sediment transportation and deposition. The present study aims to investigate the various bedform features and lithofacies typesformed by the river and their textural properties in the southern part ofMajuli, Assam. The bedform features includes ripples, mega ripples, scour pools, mud cracks, water level cut marks etc. The lithofacies types found areSp, Sh, Sr, St, Sl and Sc. Grain size analysis indicates that mean size(Mz) of the sediments range from fine sand to medium sand(1.68Ф to 2.77Ф).Most of the sediments are well sorted and finely skewed while the frequency polygon curves show leptokurtic curves.

Keywords - ...........