volume 4 ~ issue 3

The aim of this paper is to present FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based implementation of sensorless AC drive controllers for embedded electrical systems. For very low speed and standstill, the injection of a rotating high frequency voltage in the vector control scheme. Implemenatation of sensorless controllers strcture using FPGA.

KEY WORDS: Field Programmable Gate Array, Extended Kalman Filter, rotating high frequency signal injection,

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the project based learning model development on buffer solution materials with soft skill entrepreneur oriented, examine the effectiveness of the model, its influence on the soft skills of the entrepreneur, and study the response of students to the model. This study is the kind of R & D with project based learning model, scientific approach, method of discussion and experimentation. The results of the research in the category of very valid with a mean 94.77. Effective learning model with average learning outcomes 83.78 (> 80), N-Gain results of the Pre-test post-test of 0.74 (high category), t test of 4.11 (significant) and classical completeness 91.67% (higher than 85%). There is an effect of the project model on soft skills entrepreneur demonstrated by significance level calculation 0.00 (responsibility), 0.00 (confidence), 0.00 (cooperation), 0.01 (leadership), 0.03 (communication) , and 0.00 (problem solving) respectively <0.05. Learners provide an excellent response with a mean gain of 87.5%. From the results it can be concluded that the model and the device is valid, effective, has influence on the soft skills entrepreneur who developed, gets a positive response from students.

KEYWORDS :About five key words in alphabetical order, separated by commas.

This paper concentrates on building up a system that will increase the Banking security. The loss of materials and equipment's due to theft is currently a massive problem in most of the firms. Stealing can be significantly reduced through proactive management techniques that stress the implementation of rigorous project specific security plans. We adopted an enterprise to improve banking locker security system which is based on RFID, GSM system and microcontroller devices. Here we have carried out some extra safety features in the existing scenario so the arrangement could become more secure than ever it would be. In this system we added a very interesting feature like the addition of a MEMS technology. MEMS accelerometer is implemented using embedded microcontroller. MEMS accelerometer can sense motion in 3 axes (X, Y and Z). The user can assign a predetermined password by a fixed set of motions as decided by them. Once the Microcontroller senses any motion, system is asking for a password. If anyone presses the wrong password then the system will be blocked. This progressed to the develop a Banking security system more safe as compared to that authenticates the user merely simply by using a PIN or password.

Keywords - RFID tag, MEMS Technology, GSM system, Microcontroller.

The beneficial effects of organic fertilizers along with bio-fertilizers, need to be highlighted adequately for increasing the leaf yield and quality in mulberry. A field experimental study was conducted during 2002-2004 in lateritic soil having around pH 5.2under rainfed conditionof West Medinipur areas to evaluate the effect of organic manures in combination with Azotobactor along with reduce dose of inorganic nitrogen have on leaf yield and quality of mulberry variety SI.The experimental results revealed that the effect of organic manures specially poultry manure in combination with Azotobactor bio fertilizers followed by reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers had a significant effect on growth and leafquality of mulberry plants. However, the recommended doses of inorganic fertilizers application was found to be same with 50 per cent reduced inorganic nitrogen and 60% reduction of phosphorus application when supplemented with bio-organic sources of nitrogen. This indicate that 50 per cent reduction of inorganic nitrogen and 60% reduction of phosphorus application does not adversely affect plant growth,foliar constituents of mulberry when supplemented with the above bio-organic sources of amendments.

Keywords -mulberry,Bombyxmori,poultry manure,Azotobactor, Rain-fed.

The solution of fuzzy maximal flow problems using the method of fuzzy linear programming is studied and on the basis of the study a STEP method is used to find the fuzzy optimal solution of fuzzy maximal flow problems. In the studied method, all the parameters are represented by triangular fuzzy numbers. Using the method, the fuzzy optimal solution of fuzzy maximal flow problems can be easily solved. Two examples are solved and the obtained results show that the method is good over other methods because the ranking function helps us to check our solution.

A scalable authentication scheme is based on elliptic curve Cryptography (ECC), while enabling intermediate nodes authentication, our existing scheme allows any node to transmit an unlimited number of messages without suffering the threshold problem. In addition, existing scheme can also provide message source privacy and did not provide destination privacy. In this propose work a novel method, Data-Transparent Authentication (DaTA) without Communication Overhead, to validate data streams. Our strategy neither embeds a digest to the original data, nor sends any out-of band authentication information. Instead, our scheme is based on the timing correlation of data packets between the sender and the receiver. Particularly, the inter packet delays are utilized and some selected packet delays are slightly adjusted (in a range).

KEYWORDS: Authentication, Wireless Sensor Networks

According to the present problem of cloud computing resources dispatching model as low safety performance, a cloud computing resources safety dispatching model is proposed based on the adaptive optimization SFLA algorithm. First of all to adaptive optimize the learning factor of standard SFLA algorithm, at the same time of the continuation of the last update inertial step, also to learn to the history optimal value of individual neighborhood in the memory, expand the search area of the individual, maintaining the diversity of the population, and as the original algorithm is easy to fall into local optimal problem, the Cauchy mutation operator is introduced into the basic SFLA algorithm, and improve the locally adaptive update strategy. Simulation experiments show that the proposed cloud computing resources security dispatching model has better convergence effect and application effect based on adaptive optimization SFLA algorithm.

Keywords - SFLA, Adaptive optimization, Cloud computing resource dispatching, Security dispatching, Local update strategy, Learning factor

The dearth of solar radiation data from most meteorological stations necessitates the development of empirical models to determine it. Some simple models for the prediction of monthly mean daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface for Ibadan, from sunshine hours as well as minimum and maximum temperatures, the frequently measured meteorological parameters, are presented. The models follow that of Hargreaves and Samani. Two of the models were used for backward and two for forward predictions. The models showed very good agreement with the measured data; however a model based on sunshine hours has lower mean errors than those based on minimum and maximum temperatures which consistently produced an over estimation

Keywords: Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Mean error, Solar radiation, Sunshine hours,

The study focused on consumer knowledge of Nutrition food label information and nutritional status of low income workers in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. It was a survey design. The sample consisted of 256 female low income staff drawn from the population. Questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using frequency count and mean. The findings indicated that low income workers were aware of food label information. Recommendations were made based on the findings.

In this paper, a capillary temperature control viscometer was designed and locally constructed using available materials obtained within Yola, Nigeria. The constructed viscometer was tested in measuring the viscosities of distilled water, pure ethanol, pure methanol, alcohol-alcohol mixture, and alcohols-water mixtures at various temperatures. From the measured data of viscosity and density, the activation energies of the pure liquids and liquid mixtures studied were calculated. The experimental data obtained from this work are comparable to results in the literature.

Keywords: Concentration, Construction, Design, Liquids ,Mixtures, Temperature, Viscometer

Heavy metals are highly toxic to human, and can enter the food chain via contaminated food or water. Conventional methods of heavy metal removal from contaminated water and wastewater are economically non-viable, this necessitated the search for cheap and promising methods of heavy metal removal. Nymphaea lotus (Water lily) grows naturally (as weed) in water logged areas; some of these areas are usually prone to heavy metals contamination, due to anthropogenic pressure and/or run-off. This has posed serious challenge in obtaining portable water for domestic and agricultural uses. In this study, batch adsorption experiment was carried out to determine the biosorption performance of different N. lotus parts. Regression analysis revealed that, the adsorption of Cd(II) onto N. lotus seeds, leaves and roots powder fit better to Langmuir isotherm model than Freundlich isotherm model. However, the adsorption of Pb(II) onto N. lotus seeds and leaves fit better to Freundlich isotherm model, while its adsorption onto N. lotus roots powder fit better to Langmuir isotherm model. The plant roots exhibited the highest theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 49.074 mg g-1 and 25.468 mg g-1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively. This finding suggest that, the roots powder of N. lotus can be used as a biosorbent to mop up Pb(II) and Cd(II) from polluted water.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Biosorption, Adsorption isotherms, Water lily, Nymphaea lotus.

The voting percentage of India is very less and is considerably declining day by day. The illiterate people can be fooled and their votes can be cast to different candidates. Also incidents like booth capturing are increasing and some undeserving candidates are getting elected. Thus the objective is to put a stop to all these malicious activities and to safeguard the right of voting of an individual through the idea proposed in this paper. The paper proposes an authentication algorithm which uses visual cryptography to provide security in internet voting system. Thus the plan is to make the voting process a secure and effective one. Visual cryptography scheme is one of the most secure techniques for privacy, that allows the encryption of secret image or data by transferring it into the secure share and the decryption is done without any computation devices.
Keywords – Biometrics, Internet Voting System (IVS), I-voting, Stegnography, Visual Cryptography (VC).

The construction Industry in Nigeria is relatively monotonous in terms of the building material used, as evidenced by the vast number of residential buildings in Nigeria made of heavy weight materials such as concrete blocks. Since concrete is in high demand in the society, the cost of getting concrete constituent materials is becoming high thereby leading to high cost of living. This is largely due to the fact that alternatives to concrete for residential buildings in Nigeria are not readily available or explored. It is therefore of necessity to motivate stakeholders to alternative building materials that will not only rival concrete in cost, but also serve as a viable competitor in terms of sustainability, maintenance, constructability and client satisfaction in all necessary ramifications. With this in mind, timber has been selected in this research as "the" alternative material to rival concrete in the Nigerian building sector. This research studies both concrete and timber materials under structural, economic environmental and energy perspectives as to help designers with a choice of considering one over the other. This will give the Nigerian client, architect, engineer and builder the justification to choose one material over the other in order to meet the needs of the society. Various Autodesk software are adopted for Modelling and Structural Design of a duplex building of concrete and then timber materials. Cost Analysis of the two models are compared. Environmental Impact Assessment is conducted on the two building models with Athena Impact Estimator software. Results obtained are very promising for timber material.
Keywords: Affordable Homes, Concrete, Design, Energy, Environmental Impact, Sustainability, Timber

The standing water /water stagnation on road surface is always been a major problem .The stagnant water degrades the surface of the road resulting in the formation of the potholes and wear off the surface of the road .The major source of stagnant water is improper slope provided on the road. Moreover, due to heavy rains the water is left on the surface of the road which wears off the road surface. Therefore this paper concentrates on providing the effective way to collect this stagnant water and to modernize the conventional system of drainage. Keywords: drainage, potholes, slope, stagnant water.

This report presents an optimization of machining parameters in turning process of Aluminum metal matrix composite (MMC) using steel grade and aluminum grade tungsten carbide inserts. An MMC which is small variant of Duralumin alloy was decided upon to do the machining optimization. Aluminum is widely used in automotive industry, aerospace applications, architectural applications and others. The main objective of the research was to determine the effect of different parameters setting such as depth of cut, feed rate and cutting speed on surface roughness, cutting temperature and cutting forces using different inserts. The analysis revealed that cutting speed was the significant effect to the surface roughness followed by the feed rate while depth of cut was less effect. The best surface finish can be obtained with the combination of lowest cutting speed and feed rate.
Keywords: Surface Roughness, Cutting Temperature, Cutting Forces, MMC.

Traditionally, as shortly as confidentiality becomes a priority, data are encrypted before outsourcing to a service supplier. Any software-based cryptographic constructs then deployed, for server-side question process on the encrypted information, inherently limit question quality. Here, Trusted DB has been introduced, an outsourced database prototype that allows client to execute SQL queries with privacy and beneath restrictive compliance constraints by leverage server-hosted, tamper-proof trusted hardware in important question process stages, thereby removing any limitations on the sort of supported queries. Despite the value overhead and performance limitations of trusted hardware, it has been shown that the prices per question are orders of magnitude less than any (existing or) potential future software-only mechanisms. Trusted DB is constructed and runs on actual hardware and its performance and prices are evaluated here.
Keywords:Database architectures, security, privacy, special-purpose hardware

A novel technique of Captcha is regenerated by using composite images that are generated in the given data base. Captcha is a type of challenge response test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is human. Captcha are used to prevent bots or automated programs from using various types of computing services or collecting certain types of sensitive information. Modern techniques such as fcaptcha & dcaptcha are used to separate abilities invariant recognition, segmentation and parsing. Captcha is a test made of an image and distorted text that has to be solved by human users when they want to subscribe to websites that want to make sure the user is a human being or a computer to prevent the spam. Hence various methods are done through dcaptcha their some drawbacks such as data access only possible not for the image and recognition access, these drawbacks is overcome by using the fcaptcha technique here it can be identify both figure and data simultaneously hence to prove the recaptcha as early. Image separation is done in the two forms Extracting the distorted image to improve the performance and to get back the robustness of the image by removing the noise which presented in the data base by using Gaussian Distributing filters and hence the second separation is done by using the BF (Background & Foreground Extraction) which helps in the extracting the input image and also the noise removed image in the form of two B & F, which represents the image identification for the corresponding data to be selected in any mode of places may be at nature or human images. Here it can identify the person is avail to enter the procedure. The image is evaluated by using various image enhancement techniques.

Keywords: Captcha, Exctraction algorthim, Gaussain filters.

Any staff includes civil servant needs a career development and improves performance. This research aims to analyze empirically the influence of education and training towards career development and staff performance in the Inspectorate of Kendari office. Numbers of population are 52 staff in the office, where all population is all samples. Sample withdrawal using cencus technique where all 52 Become its own population sample as much as numbers of population. Path Analysis used as a method of analysis on this research. Results of this research Showed that: 1) Education and training for staff have significant direct influence to career development; 2) There is no direct influence Significantly to the staff performance; 3) There is Significantly direct influence on career development of staff performance; 4) Education and training have no direct influence on the performance of staff through career development.
Keywords: education and training, career development, performance.

In this paper we present a prototype for automatic controlling of irrigation water along with the water navigation. Prototype includes controller node, actuation node, sensor node and mobile phone. In controller node SIM300 GSM module is integrated with Intel MCS-51 microcontroller using RS232 parallel communication IC device. In actuation node three driver circuits along with three DC motor operated valves are integrated with the microcontroller. In sensor node three water sensors that placed in the respective irrigation piping are integrated with the microcontroller. A registered mobile phone (SIM) is used to send the information about the required field to be irrigated in the form of SMS. On receiving a SMS, controller node will decide which valve to be kept on or off and even in how much percentage through the DC motor actuation. The sensor node can be mounted in the irrigation pipes for sensing the presence of water and the sensed data is sent back to the controller node from where the water navigation path will be sent on the registered mobile phone (SIM) in the form of a SMS. Mobile phone can also be used for sending request to switch on/off the irrigation motor.
Keywords: Global system for mobile communication (GSM), Irrigation, Microcontroller, Short message service (SMS), Water sensor.

In this paper the sufficient conditions, for a uniform space to be a uniformly continuous space are determined. In particular it is proved that if there is a set K which is compact whose complement is uniformly isolated then the uniform space is uniformly continuous space. This also shows that if the set of all limit points of X is compact whose complement is uniformly isolated then the uniform space is uniformly continuous. It is also proved that the converse of the later statement is false by giving a counter example.
Keywords: Uniformly continuous space, uniformly isolated set.