volume 4 ~ issue 11

The paper explains the concept of measurement uncertainty attributed to the calibration of measuring and testing instruments used for various industrial functions. All the steps to calculate measurement uncertainty during calibration are described in a way which is easy to understand. It also helps to develop reliable and standardized uncertainty estimates which in turn will provide assurance to the calibration process and reduce disagreements and confusion in scientific findings pertaining to quality of the result. The structured, step-by-step uncertainty analysis for calibration scenarios of instruments such as Micrometer and Pressure Gauge described herein will assist to address the important aspects of identifying measurement process uncertainties and using appropriate uncertainty estimates/models (in accordance with Guide to Uncertainty Measurement – GUM). This will also help to take valid managerial decisions by the measurement quality assurance team.

Keywords -Calibration scenarios, Measurement Uncertainty, Guide to Uncertainty Measurement (GUM), Quality of the result, Uncertainty estimates

This paper essentially deals with lowering the tripping force in an Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) to desired levels. Cases of high tripping force (HTF) were reported during the assembly which led to rejection or rework of breakers at assembly level. The components in the breaker contributing to HTF were determined by Component Search technique of Shainin Design of Experiments (DOE). It was found out that Trip D Shaft and Roller Trip Link (RTL) were important components contributing to high tripping force. The changes were implemented and these were effective in bringing down the tripping force within desired limits

Keywords: Air Circuit Breaker (ACB), High Tripping Force (HTF), Roller Trip Link (RTL), Shainin Design of Experiments (DOE), Trip D Shaft.

The word biomass refers to organic matter, mainly vegetable, terrestrial or marine matter both wild and cultivated by man, produced by using the process of chlorophyll photosynthesis with the help of energy from solar radiation, water and nutritive substances. The aim of this paper is to understand, by using the statistics produced for the purpose, the performance and potential of the biomass market in all the Italian regions, especially in the region of Sicily, where there are still unexploited areas particularly suitable for production of biomass. By processing the data, it has been possible to give a detailed description of the Sicilian energy scene in order to investigate energy production from renewable sources more deeply both in terms of the number of plants as well as in terms of installed power. In particular, emphasis is given to the present diffusion of biomass in the region, identifying the criticalities which exist, the evolutionary dynamics and future potential that the island can offer in this innovative energy sector in terms of employment, environmental impact and development of the market. The analysis carried out can be useful as a basis in implementing strategy of development for the production of biomass in different Italian areas, in order to contribute to a sustainable and balanced development of the territory revitalizing some agricultural sectors and the creation of agro-energy districts.

Keywords: -Bio-energy - biomass plants- productivity- market segments- economic index- Environmental impacts- Sicilian economy

In this world we have a huge demand for power with rapid development. As we have shortage of power we are implementing new techniques day by day to meet our daily demand. One of the best sources to meet our demands is to use renewable energy like large scale solar power plants. In our present paper we have come up with a new way of connecting photo-voltaic power plant (solar power plants) to main grids. Presently we are converting the output of solar power plants which is direct current into alternating currents by using high power rating inverters. In our modeling we are using multilevel H bridge cascaded inverters to get 11 level output. In our paper we are implementing asymmetric inputs of dc voltage sources (solar power plants) to inverters. We are going to replace a five level symmetric h bridge cascaded inverter (present system) with three level asymmetric h bridge cascaded inverters (proposed system). In this way we can further achieve high efficiency by reducing loses, number of switches and inverter size without any change in output of inverter

Keywords: -Multilevel Inverter cascaded H-bridges, PV arrays

The mobile adhoc network has threat towards variety of attacks due to the changing topology and the behavior of mobility. In particular the Manet uses different routing protocols, which uses the location parameters and energy parameters, which is prone for different routing attacks. To overcome this issue, there are number of addressing schemes has been discussed earlier but suffers with poor accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel region based dynamic time varying addressing scheme which assigns and computes address for each node of the network in dynamic manner. The method splits the regions into number of quarters and when the node enters into the network, the network controller identifies the region through which the node enters and assigns address accordingly. In the routing phase, the method performs the time varying address mitigation scheme which verifies the trustworthy of address of all the nodes present in the selected routes. By verifying the addresses of all the nodes the possibility of network threat has been reduced in marginable rate. The proposed method improves the performance of the network and reduces the time complexity also

Keywords: -Manet, Network Threats, Addressing Scheme, Region Based Time Variant Dynamic Addressing, QoS.

The problem of data collection in wireless sensor networks has been well studied in different schemes according to many factors like energy, latency, and throughput. Most of the methods suffer with the problem of energy depletion which affects the lifetime of the overall network. To solve the problem of energy depletion and routing problems, an time orient delay tolerant density estimation technique has been proposed which uses energy depletion based routing to perform data collection in wireless sensor networks. The sink node identifies the set of sensor data nodes at each region and estimates the density of sensor sink nodes using the current status of the network and performs the data approximation which specifies the amount of data present in the sensor data node. The data estimation technique is performed at each time interval and the sensor sink node decides the process of data collection based on the density estimation. Similarly the method chooses a route to collect the data using energy depletion routing (EDR). The proposed method collects the sensor data in most efficient manner and reduces the latency and time complexity. Also the proposed method improves the overall lifetime of the network.

Keywords: -Wireless Sensor Network, Data Aggregation, Time orient delay tolerant density estimation, EDR

Today, wind energy is the world's fastest growing source of renewable energy. Grid connected wind power is growing in leaps and bounds and India is one of them. Among the renewable energy sources, the cost of producing one kilowatt hour of electrical energy from the wind power is the cheapest. All this has become possible because of recent developments in electrical, mechanical, power electronics, materials and other fields which have wide range of applications in renewable energy technology. Wind power, at the one end is very much useful source of energy same time when it is connected to the electric grid creates some quality issues like voltage sag, swell, harmonics etc. Wind power plants are also affected by faults which occur in every power system occasionally. Small power generating capacity plants can be disconnected from the system when fault occurs but large power generating plants cannot be disconnected and remained in operation during fault so manufacturers of wind turbine created some grid codes which defines the fault ride through behaviour of wind turbine. In this research the application of dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) connected to a wind turbine driven by doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is investigated using synchronous reference frame (SRF) control method. The DVR can compensate the faulty line voltage and DFIG wind turbine can continue its normal operation as demanded in actual grid codes. The DVR can be used to protect wind turbines that do not provide sufficient fault ride through behavior.

Keywords: -Dynamic Voltage Restorer, Doubly Fed Induction Generator, Fault Ride Through, Fuzzy logic controller, Synchronous reference frame

Present work aimed at developing, testing and operating a prototype free end torsion machine for performing torsion tests and checking linear strain in test specimens. The self developed free end torsion machine was used to measure and compute numerical prediction of the Swift effect, i.e. the lengthening of the cylinder during the torsion. The equipment consists of a horizontal torsion machine composed of worm gear, spur gear, bearings, hand wheel, shaft, base plate, column, measuring instruments, chuck mechanism and test specimen. An encoder obtains the torsion angle. Experimental tests were carried out at a constant angular speed that imposed a constant shear strain rate to the test specimen. The torsion tests have been performed on ductile materials -copper and aluminium. The influence of texture evolution was analyzed. Predicted axial lengthening and predicted textures were compared to experimental measurements. A good agreement was obtained between the obtained results.

Geophysictal study of Ikere Kaolin deposit has being conducted to establish its lateral continuity within the study area. Profiling and Vertical electrical sounding methods were employed using Dipole - Dipole and Schlumberger configuration respectively. Five points were sounded and one profile was occupied. Four subsurface lithologic units were established namely; topsoil, laterite, Kaolin, and, basement. The curve types are simple K and KH. The topsoil, laterite and basement materials are characterized with high resistivity values while the kaolin materials are characterized with relatively low resistivity values. The average resistivity and thickness values for the topsoil are 94.8Ωm and.0.5m respectively. Laterite was encountered in all the locations with average resistivity and thickness values of 974.2Ωm and 1.9m respectively. Kaolin was encountered in four of the locations with average resistivity value of 61Ωm. Basement is relatively shallow in the study area, it was encountered in only two of the locations with an average resistivity and depth values to the top of basement of 435.5Ωm, and 5.7m respectively. Overburden materials are relatively thin within the area with an average thickness value of 2.3m.

Keywords: -Geophysicalal, Profiling, Lateral continuity, Subsurface lithology.

The face is the identity of a person. The methods to exploit this physical feature have seen a great change since the advent of image processing techniques. The attendance is taken in every schools, colleges and library. Traditional approach for attendance is professor calls student name & record attendance.The system described in this paper aims to deviate from such traditional systems and introduce a new approach for taking an attendance using image Processing.This paper describes the working of An Automatic Attendance System in a classroom environment. Initially video clip of classroom is taken and is stored in the database, and these video is converted to frames/images, then we apply Face detection techniques such asAda-boost algorithm to detect the faces in frames/images and then features are extracted of detected face by Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) algorithm. The system first stores the faces of the students in the database. The detected faces are compared with the faces stored in the database during face recognition by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. If the system recognizes faces, the attendance gets marked immediately of recognized faces.

Keywords: -Face Recognition, Face Detection, AdaBoost, Local Binary pattern(LBP), Histogram of Orientation(HOG), Support Vector machine(SVM).

The concept of partially balanced n-ary block (PBnB) designs was first introduced by Mehata, Agarwal and Nigam (1975) as generalization of balanced n-ary block (BIB) designs. In this paper an attempt is made to propose a new method for the construction of partially balanced n-ary block designs using balanced n-ary block designs. The method is also illustrated with a suitable example.

Keywords: -Balanced n-ary Block Design; Partially Balanced n-ary block design.

Twenty five (25) well water samples from Crescent Road, Poly Quarters were collected and analyzed for five (5) physico –chemical Parameters (BOD, pH, Conductivity, Temperature, and Turbidity, ) using standard procedures at the KRPC PPQC ( Planning, programming and quality control) Laboratory. The bacteriological quality assessment of the well water samples were carried out using the five tube Most Probable Number (MPN) technique at the water Laboratory, National Institute for Water Resources (NIWR), mando, Kaduna. Well 32 has the highest BOD of 295mg/l. All the well water samples analyzed have high coliform counts and none of them met the World Health Organization Standard of <10 coliforms/100ml of water. Wells 15, 32 and 50 had MPN Index/100ml values ranging between 1600 - ≥ 2,400. Wells 3, 6, 21 and 23 had relatively low coliforms ranging from 17 to 21. However wells 20, 34 and 49 had MPN Index/100ml values of 280,220 and 350 respectively

Keywords: -Most Probable Number (MPN) drinking water, bacteria, analysis Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

Photovoltaic (PV) power system performance depends on local irradiance conditions. PV systems are sometimes subject to partial shading, which may produce a non ideal characteristic curve, which impacts on electrical energy production. (DMPPT) photovoltaic (PV) system which can compensate the shading effect and the PV module mismatching as well as to increase the overall output electrical power. DMPPT is a very promising technique that allows the increase of efficiency and reliability of such PV systems. MPPT converter that connects to each PV cell string, called a subpanel MPPT converter (SPMC), is discussed in this paper

 

The title power generation through the wind energy using convergent nozzle, is the new form of wind energy plant. Under this scheme new wind power plant is modified by using convergent nozzle. That nozzle increase the pressure of the wind, and that pressurized winds are sticks on the fan. That is increase the speed of the blade, and power generation ratio of the plants are also increase. There are major role of the nozzle in generation of electricity in large scales. In this plant nozzle is setup in the front way of the wind direction and the single base plant is moved according to the wind direction. That nozzles design is uniformly varying sectional view and concentrates at the wind blades. And remain all the instruments are setups in the single shaft. And plant is setups in the single base movable with base pillar. The pillar is fixed and energy generation plants are movable with the pillar

 

The conditions of an experiment allow the possibility of simultaneous existence of a number of experimental designs. To choose an appropriate design, is easy to analyze and satisfies optimal properties, developed by Kiefer (1959) based on the Information matrix of the experimental design. In this paper an attempt is made to obtain the information matrices for CRD, RBD, LSD and BIBD's and are illustrated in case of CRD, RBD and LSD and for different parameters of BIBD's.

Key words: CRD, RBD, LSD, BIBD.

This paper offers the latest trends into developing technology to boost wear ability of e-textiles and smart clothing by rereading cutting-edge research and development. Training to act in accordance with rulesof electronic textiles is spoken, and electronic textiles are initiated from the textile and clothing viewpoint as well as the electrical andviewpoint. Studies are made of fabric made by electrical resistances of conductive yarns. Some investigationexamining flexibility and wash ability of e-textiles is introduced. Relative insignificance toward mechanical properties and the absence of traditional test methods are considered the most tricky for sustainable development of e-textiles

Key words: Conductive fabric; polyaniline; in situ polymerization; nylon 6; serviceability,electrochromism, supercapacitors

 

The use of photovoltaics as the power source for pumping water is one of the most promising areas in photovoltaic applications. Photovoltaic powered water pumping systems require only that there be enough sunshine and a source of water which is adequate for many developing countries. Solar direct pumping systems are simple and less complex than battery systems. This paper presents a new design and simulation of a simple but efficient photovoltaic water pumping system using Matlab program. The maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is designed and simulated using actual irradiance data. The DC pump motor is modeled using Simulink and the model is then transferred into Matlab, so that the whole system is simulated in Matlab environment. The algorithms are tested with actual irradiance data in Kuwait. The simulations verify the system and functionality of MPPT. Simulations also make comparisons for the system without MPPT in terms of total energy produced and total volume of water pumped per day. The results validate that MPPT can significantly increase the efficiency and the performance of PV water pumping system compared to the system without MPPT.

Keywords: Photovoltaic – Renewable energy - Solar Cell

Previous studies on the buckling and postbuckling loads characteristics of thin rectangular plates that are subjected to uniaxial uniformly distributed in-plane loads were limited to all edges simply supported (SSSS) plate. Those studies were carried out using assumed displacement and stress profiles in the form of double trigonometric functions, never minding their inadequacies. Hence, major associated parameters: displacement parameter, Wuv, stress coefficient, Wuv2 and load factor, Kcx for such plate could not be determined. No study has considered the buckling and postbuckling loads characteristics of thin rectangular plate having all the four edges clamped (CCCC). This paper obtained the exact displacement and stress profiles of the buckling and postbuckling characteristics of thin rectangular CCCC plates by applying the direct integration theory to the Kirchhoff's linear governing differential equation and von Karman's non–linear governing differential compatibility equation respectively. With these exact profiles, the buckling and postbuckling load expression of the CCCC plate was obtained by applying work principle to the Von Karman's non–linear governing differential equilibrium equation. Yield/maximum stress of the plate and those major related parameters were determined. Results of this present study show that for a CCCC plate material having yield stress of 250MPa, failure would occur at 0.0478h postbuckling out of plane deflection, contrary to the presumed critical buckling load. Hence, CCCC accommodates additional load beyond critical buckling load. Keywords: Buckling, Coupled Equations, Direct Integration, Postbuckling, Work Principle, Yield stress

 

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is the device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy by using microbes that has inside the waste water. The energy contained in organic matter can be converted to useful electrical power. MFC can be operated by microbes that transfer electrons from anode to cathode for generating electricity. Electrode that be used in this project is carbon as anode and aluminum as cathode. The Sewage Treatment plants (STP) are ideal for the type of bacteria that can be used in an MFC. MFC will continuously to be operated as it generates electricity from the bacteria contained in the wastewater. The optimum output voltage for a small scale is near to get 1V.The advantages of this product are can help to reduce cost of bill for lighting plant and save electricity for compound lighting at residential area. STP is not only sewage treatment, but it will become a power plant to generate electricity.
Keywords – Microbial Fuel Cell, Microbes, Sewage Treatment Plants

 

Solar Tracker with IR Sensor is one of the features innovated to track the light from the sun to increase the efficiency of the solar panel. It provided with an IR sensor to detect the dust and clean it with cooling fan. Sunlight always moves due to the rotation of the sun, certain solar panels are created static. Solar Tracking Robot is made to improve the solar panel efficiency, thus it can catch the sun irradiance and the energy can be stored as a renewable energy. The solution is using the theory and the Arduino's microcontroller to design the product. The method of planning, programming, calculating the cost for the component also taken to ensure the product is good in quality but affordable. In future, we try to make the solar with voltage reading and sensor less with high efficiency.

 

Identification of unsupervised outliers in a high dimensional data becomes an emerging technique in today's research in the area of data mining. Increase of dimensionality leads to various challenges. Hubness especially Antihubs (points that infrequently occur in k nearest neighbor lists) is the recently known concept for the increase of dimensionality pertaining to nearest neighbors. Outlier detection using AntiHub method is refined as Antihub2 to reevaluate the outlier scores of a point produced by the AntiHub method. However, it leads to increase the computation time of an algorithm with large number of computations. This paper establishes an approach called AdaptiveAntihub, which embeds an adaptive technique in Antihub2 for unsupervised outlier detection mainly to reduce the number of computations and computation time of an algorithm and compares the results produced by Antihub2 with AdaptiveAntihub. The experimental results illustrate that AdaptiveAntihub outperforms well and it also proves that there is a significant reduction in the number of computations and computation time when this proposed technique is applied to detect unsupervised outliers in high dimensional data. Keywords: AdaptiveAntihub, Antihub, Antihub2, Outliers, Unsupervised

 

This paper presents a control system for a direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine system with the objectives to capture the optimal power from the wind and ensure a maximum efficiency for this system. Moreover, in order to eliminate the electrical speed sensor mounted on the rotor shaft of the PMSG to reduce the system hardware complexity and improve the reliability of the system, a sliding mode observer based PM rotor position and speed sensor less control algorithm is presented here. The mathematical models for the wind turbine and the permanent magnet synchronous machine are first given in this thesis, and then optimal power control algorithms for this system are presented. The optimal tip speed ratio based maximum power point tracking control is utilized to ensure the maximum power capture for the system. The field oriented control algo-rithm is applied to control the speed of the PMSG with the reference of the wind speed. In the grid-side conver-ter control, voltage oriented control algorithm is applied to regulate the active and reactive power injected into the power grid. What is more, sliding mode observer based sensor less control algorithm is also presented here. The simulation study is carried out based on MATLAB/Simulink to validate the proposed system control algo-rithms.

Keywords: -direct drive; permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG); wind energy conversion sys-tem (WECS); maximum power point tracking (MPPT),hyteresis current controller

Recent works in structured P2P systems exploit DHT to support publish/subscribe(Pub/Sub) protocols. Some of these approaches require the existence of a so-called rendezvous node where subscriptions meet events, thus easily creating bottlenecks. By contrast, unstructured P2P systems needn't maintain current topologies for the networks, they are robust. We presents an ontology-based Pub/Sub event routing mechanism, called UP2S2, for modeling and implementing the architecture of large-scale unstructured P2P Pub/Sub System. According to subscription deviation, UP2S2 is divided into multiple subnets. There is a subscription probability tree in each subscription subnet. Events are forwarded along the most likely subscription nodes. We design and implement the algorithms for UP2S2 to construct and reconstruct subscription routing tables, and derive conclusions from the simulation experiments. The results show that UP2S2 routes the events more quickly and accurately.

Keywords: -LargeScale, P2P, Publish/Subscribe, Routing, Ontology

This paper present the development of Vehicular Heatstroke Avoidance System for Children. The primary objective of this work is to prevent children up to 24 months old from being left unintentionally at the rear seat in closed, parked vehicles, which have the potential to result in heat stroke. The efficacy of heat stroke prevention technologies in sensing the presence of a child in a child restraint and alerting the caregiver if he or she walks away from the car without removing the child is evaluated. This system used motion sensor and sound sensor to detect the unattended children inside the vehicle. Motion detector is used to detect child posture and movement and is integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area while sound sensor used to detect sound from the baby. The sensor was attached to the Arduino GSM shield and simulated in IDE software. When the movement of the baby or the baby voice is detected, GSM will send Simple Message System (SMS or text messaging) for alerting the caregiver to attend their children. Vehicular Heatstroke Avoidance system is self-energized device which help in preserving vehicle battery by using solar power. It is expected that this device could help reducing the vehicle heatstroke cases among children that keep on increasing lately

Keywords: -Vehicular heatstroke, unattended children, Self-energized device, Avoidance system

Land Surface temperature(LST),the skin temperature of the ground,is identified as a significant variable of microclimate and radiation transfer within the atmosphere.Remote sensing(RS) has been widely recommended for its potential to detect surface temperature variability and,GIS (Geographic Information System) supplemented with ground truthing allows spatio-temporal analysis of surface temperature in the urban regions.In this study,land cover classification is used to define LSE(Land Surface Emissivity),which is required for the calculation of LST over Thiruvananthapuram, Capital city of the state of Kerala,India.Landsat8 TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) and OLI (Operational Land Imager) bands were primarily utilized to classify land cover types and to estimate the surface thermal characteristics.The results showed that surface temperature is a function of diverse surface soil-water content and vegetation cover

Keywords: -Land Surface Temperature, Remote Sensing, GIS, Thermal Infrared Band

The objective of this research paper is to study deciding factors to invest in Long Term Equity Funds (LTF) amongst investors in Bangkok. This study looks at influential demographics on the decision to invest in Long Term Equity Funds of investors in Bangkok and studies the relationship between the factors which consist of yield on investment, taxes, present incentives of saving and investment, knowledge and interest of investment and distributing agents, with the impact on Bangkok investors' decision to buy Long Term Equity Funds. Research findings found that the demographic of questionnaire respondents which comprised age, average income per month and LTF investment experience varied, whereby the decision to invest in LTFs also differed with a statistical significance of 0.05. Factors which influenced the decision to invest in Long Term Equity Funds amongst investors in Bangkok which had the most positive correlation were those related to tax and current savings and investment incentives. The sample group said that purchasing LTFs could help reduce the burden on personal income taxes and future savings. This was followed by the factor on yield upon investments for Long Term Equity Investment Funds, which had a mid-level positive correlation, as well as the factor on knowledge and interest in investments and distributing agencies, which also had a mid-level positive correlation on the decision to purchase LTFs.

Keywords: -Investment, Long Term Equity Fund (LTF), yield on investment, tax, knowledge and interest in investment

Geophysical investigation was conducted at Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Southwestern, Nigeria with the aim of evaluating the groundwater potential in the area. The geophysical survey involved Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES). A total of twenty seven (27) traverses were established along West – East and Southwest – Northeast direction in the studied area; covering a total distance of 8.45 km. The lengths of the traverses vary between 110 m and 920 m. Measurements were taken at 10 m spacing along the traverses for the VLF-EM. The result of the VLF-EM was used to determine the data point for the VES. The VLF-EM result reveals the presence of conductive zones. The geoelectric section revealed 3 to 5 major layers comprising the topsoil, clay, laterite, weathered layer, partly weathered layer/fractured basement, and fresh basement rock. The topsoil has resistivity that varies between 46 Ω-m and 1644 Ω-m, and depth that ranges from 0.3 m to 19.8 m. It is composed of clay/sandy clay, clayey sand, lateritic clay and laterite. The clay substratum has resistivity that ranges from 20 to 95 Ω-m and depth that varies from 1.5 m and 9.3 m. Laterite is characterized by resistivity that varies between 106 Ω-m and 1223 Ω-m with thickness that varies from 0.8 m to 11.4 m. The weathered layer which constitutes the first aquiferous zone and is characterized by resistivity that ranges between 28 Ω-m and 823 Ω-m, while its thickness varies from 0.4 m to 144.2 m. The composition of the weathered layer is predominantly clayey sand indicating an aquitard i.e. a subsurface geological formation that stores but fairly transmit water. The partly weathered layer/Fractured aquifer is the second aquiferous zone; it has resistivity that is between 16 Ω-m and 914 Ω-m with thickness in the range of 0.3 m to 148.6 m. The fresh basement has resistivity values that vary from 327 Ω-m to 17578 Ω-m. The low resistivity values (< 500 Ω-m) are due to screening effect by the overlying conductive material. The weathered layer and fractured basement aquifers correlate the suspected water filled geologic formation observed by the VLF-EM. Therefore the area shows a very good prospect for groundwater development.

Keywords: -aquiferous zone, conductive material, geological formation, geophysical investigation, groundwater

This study evaluated environmental hazard effects as a critical issue relating to agricultural production of rural households in Imo State, Nigeria. Multi- staged purposive and random sampling techniques were used to choose the samples. The study determined the farming activities of the respondents, ascertained the respondents knowledge of the effects of environmental hazard on agricultural production among respondents and analysed the relationship between environmental hazard and agricultural production of respondents. Primary data collected from 116 respondents were used for the study. Data analysis was carried out with the use of descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results from the study show that majority (76.54%) of the respondents were engaged in cassava production as their major cash crop. A mean score of 2.18 on a three point likert-liked scale showed that majority of the respondents were aware of the effects of environmental hazard on their agricultural production. Flood, oil pollution, erosion and wind storm were significant and negatively related to the agricultural production. Oil explorations that go on in the rural areas should be adequately monitored to reduce its negative effect on the rural environment. It was therefore recommended that more efforts should be made to mitigate the effects of environmental hazard on agricultural production of rural dwellers. This could be achieved by providing agricultural insurance schemes for farmers, paying compensation to farmers over losses arising from environmental hazards.

Keywords: -Environmental Hazard. Rural Households, Agricultural Production

This paper presents the behavior of a synchronous machine with a excitation system type ST1 during load variations and short circuit. A test system of machine bus-infinite is used, where the synchronous machine is connected to an infinite bus through external impedance.

Keywords: -Electric Power System, Regulator of Voltage, Short Circuit, Synchronous Machine, Excitation System Type ST1.

Kinetics and current efficiency data during growth of aluminium oxide films in various aqueous electrolytes of different concentrations and compositions have been evaluated. The kinetic data has been obtained at different current densities, field strength, temperature, composition, concentration and resistivity of the electrolytes. These studies have been made by eliminating the difference of film growth caused by different surface conditions. The rate of increase of field strength with logarithm of ionic current density is found to be independent of temperature...........

Keywords: Anodic Oxide, Films, Aluminium.