Recent Innovation & Challenges in Civil Engineering

Structural walls are subjected to gravity and earthquake load. Many of the tall buildings had collapsed during recent earthquakes and the reasons were poor design and construction practices. The buckling is one of the types of damage in reinforced concrete constructions (RCC) that are subjected to axial compressive loading. The objective of study is to assessment of the work of authors on linear and non-linear buckling behaviour of RCC walls using the finite element model.

Keywords: ANSYS 15.0, Buckling analysis, FEA, Linear, Non-Linear, RCC wall.

In RC frame buildings, there are mainly two structural systems, Primary structural system and secondary structural system. The primary structural system to resist lateral load are beams and columns. Besides, primary structural system, some elements also contribute to lateral load resistance. These elements fall in the category of secondary systems. Secondary system can be structural secondary like staircase, structural partition etc and non-structural secondary like storage tanks, machinery etc A special case of structural secondary members which are normally designed for non seismic force are concrete staircase. There exist a large number of reinforced concrete buildings that are gravity load designed and constructed in actual seismic areas. Many of these structures were constructed in areas that are not considered seismic at the construction time or although they were located in seismic areas at that time, the earlier codes did not include seismic provisions or may have specified lower levels of seismic loads........

Key words:Staircase, structural partition, reinforced concrete, seismic loads.

Ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were performed on the clayey soil, while studying experimentally the relation between pulse velocity, dry density, water content and bulk density. Laboratory test specimens were prepared by compaction method in Proctor mould (100 mm dia.) and split mould (38 mm diameter). Then wave velocity was measured on each of the compacted specimen by adopting the direct transmission method. Unconfined compressive tests were also conducted on compacted samples of 38 mm diameter to establish the relation between compressive strength and pulse velocity..........

Key words: Bulk Density, Compressive strength, Dry Density, Ultrasonic pulse velocity test, water content, wave velocity.

India is known as land of villages with 6, 40,687 in number. According to Census 2011, the population of India was 121 crore with 83.3crore persons living in rural and 37.7 crore living in urban areas. More than 70% of our population lives in rural areas. This rural population is moving to urban area as workers and build makeshift houses for living.The present project of mobile dormitory is aim to put forth an inclusive model for the growth of infrastructure, construction and to provide product that can enhance the comfort and status level to reduce stress anxiety of workers who are involve in hard work of construction.Our aim is to design a mobile dormitory which can be easily transported anywhere. The materials will be light in weight for a transport purpose. The dimension of mobile dormitory is 12*3m..........

Key words: India, worker; Portable/ Mobile dormitory, Rural India; construction site.

The collapse of pile foundations has been observed in the majority of recent strong earthquakes. This paper reviews the current understanding of pile failure mechanism, its causes explained by many investigators. A hypothetical model of six floor building is analyzed using STAAD-PRO Software twice. Firstly building is analyzed considering no earthquake, & then it was analyzed considering earthquake effects for various earthquake parameters. From both cases reactions at column bases was obtained from STAAD result. Then two hypothetical cases of foundation soil condition were taken. First soil condition was that soil is Clayey soil (Black Cotton soil) up to greater depth, second soil condition was that soil strata comprises of 6m thick clay layer over a deep liquefiable sandy soil layer.............

Key words: STAAD- PRO Analysis, Pile Foundation, Earthquake Effect, RCC seismic design of Pile foundation,. Liquefaction.

The present age is an age of overall development of civilization in its living environments and comforts. So there is always a need of superior and durable building materials. The recent developments in concrete technology has shown the use of alternate additives having cementitious properties in cement as .fly ash, silica fume, metakaolin, blast furnace slag etc. Every addition of above materials has indicated some improvements in the cementing and mechanical properties of cement. Presently the use of metakaolin is gaining lot of importance in partial replacement of cement. It is because metakaolin has increased various strengths of concrete and improved durability.

Key words: Pozzolanic materials, Ordinary Portland cement, Metakaolin, Mechanical properties, and durability.

Since the time immemorial, load bearing structures are constructed using burnt / unburnt bricks having compressive strength ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 MPa and above. An attempt have been made in this paper to present preliminary analytical & experimental investigations into behavior of load bearing structure using Non Autoclave Aerated Concrete using the reinforced foam concrete walls. Reinforced foam concrete walls are cast monolithically to receive the load transmitted from roof slab and transfer it to strata. The Foam concrete being light weight, dead load is expected to be reduced...........

Key words: Coarse aggregate, foaming agent, Foam concrete, NAAC(Non Autoclaved Aerated Concrete), sand.

The earth retaining wall is the most important structure in various construction projects of civil engineering. It involves intricate design work and the manual calculations can sometimes become tedious and time taking. Also the accuracy and precision of the design becomes very important when it comes to big structures such as bridges and dams. Therefore, a lot of companies and construction firms have started using various user friendly software. We, through this paper, want to make an attempt to use programming languages to make calculations of the design of retaining wall much more easy and swift.

Key words: Retaining wall design, Active earth pressure, Software programming.

Emerging from the olden times when the use of manual calculations was predominant, the use of various software's and learning of the same has become much easier and important. Big construction firms and ventures have switched their approach and have started using them for design purposes. This paper mainly ponders upon the comparison of analysis procured from the design of regular multi-storeyed structures using these user friendly software's. In this paper, comparison of software's results with the manual calculations of a sample beam and column of the same structure designed as per IS 456 has been made.

Key words: Analysis of Structure, Design of structure, ETABS, Indian Standard Code, STAADPro.

Concrete in most structures is designed to crack in order to let embedded steel reinforcement take over tensile stresses. Crack formation is also a typical phenomenon related to durability. Percolated cracks may lead to leakage problems or ingress of harmful materials, which can cause deterioration of the concrete matrix or reinforcement corrosion. Durability can be enhanced by preventing further ingress of water and other substances. Self-healing is characterized by regaining performance after a defect occurs. Damage targeted in bacteria-based self-healing concrete particularly relates to increased durability and leakage prevention and extending service life of concrete structures.........

Key words: Concrete crack-healing, permeability, bacteria, calcium carbonate formation.

This paper model based on Heterogeneous traffic in Nagpur . First we observed the behavior of the traffic i.e. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous traffic and found that the behavior of Indian traffic is heterogeneous . For that we select the section of NH-07 near MIHAN bridge , Nagpur. Then we studied the traffic parameters such as speed ,flow and density, and their relation between speed ,flow and density. We recorded the video data of traffic stream and analyze the data to study the different traffic parameters such as , speed ,flow and density.........

Key words: Density, Flow, Heterogeneous traffic , Speed, , SPSS Software.

>A bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. The required passage may be for road, railway, pedestrians, canal or pipeline. In present study our main concern is with T-Beam Girder Bridge and Box Girder Bridge . The aim and objective of the work is to analyze and design the sections for different Indian Road Congress Code i.e IRC 6 and IRC 21. This has been done by analyzing the structure by software i.e STADD PRO. and validating with manual results by developing the Microsoft Excel Sheets. We used piegurds curve for bending moment calculation for four different cases. We check shear force and bending moment for vehicular load...........

Key words: Bridge, t-beam, box girder, IRC, Excel sheet, vehicular load.

Sand is widely and mostly used material in concrete. River is the only source of sand most commonly. To save river from degradation we must find some replacement for sand. The environmental and economic concern is the biggest challenge concrete industry is facing now. Iron slag and Quarry dust are industrial by product and waste product after the demolition of mountains for construction respectively. Both materials are easily and cheaply available. In this paper, the issue of environment and economic concerns are addressed by the use of iron slag and quarry dust as partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Sand was replaced by quarry dust as 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% keeping iron slag constant as 30% by weight for M-20 mix.........

Key words: Compressive strength, Density test, Iron slag, Quarry dust, Workability.

Nowadays, the main focus of research is to reduce industrial and agricultural waste for ecofriendly environment. This experimental study investigates the strength performance of concrete using Portland pozzolana Cement and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash. Initially, bagasse ash samples were collected and its properties were investigated. Normal consistency and setting time of the pastes containing Portland pozzolana cement and sugarcane bagasse ash at 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% replacement were investigated. The compressive strength of concrete block containing Portland pozzolana cement with bagasse ash at 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% replacements were also investigated..........

Key words: Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), Portland pozzolana cement (PPC), Eco-friendly.

At present demand of infrastructure is increasing day by day. The basic fundamental component for construction of any infrastructure is concrete. Due to large use of concrete as the basic construction material availability of raw materials is being questioned. The ratio of demand vs. Supply of material is increasing rapidly. Thus to overcome the demand of natural materials such as aggregate and cement, it is necessary to find alternatives of these materials. On the other hand electronic waste (e-waste) generation is also an emerging issue posing serious problems to the environment. Generation of e-waste is a very serious issue in the world. In year 2014 produce near about 650000 MT of e-waste in India that includes all electronic wastes and electrical wastes (TVs, computers, sound system etc)..........

Key words: Compressive strength, e-waste, split tensile strength, workability.

Most people in India lives in rural areas, the most important factor due to which sanitation is not affordable is economy but we are introducing modern as well as economical sanitation by which we improved sanitary condition in rural area (i.e. common septic tank method) by adopting such method we achieve healthy environment and improving living standard of people in rural area which is also help in developing the nation. Same of the village panchayats have suggested individual pits for collection of waste and its disposal by intermittent sprinkling on large areas, either in the courtyard or on the streets the villager adopt this practice for some times, but their enthusiasm dies with time. The international community has set the provision of sanitation part of the millennium development goals, aiming to reduce the number of those without adequate sanitation facilities to half by the year 2015. To achieve this, various strategies are designed by government of India and state government.

Key words: Common septic tank, disposal, healthy environment, improving living standard, development.

A large part of central India and a portion of south India is covered with black cotton soils. These soils are residual deposit formed from basalt and trap rocks. These soils quite suitable for growing cotton. Black cotton soils are clays of high plasticity. The soils have high shrinkage and swelling characteristics. The shearing strength and bearing capacity of the soils is extremely low. To avoid these circumstance, soil must be stabilized, and strength should be high. RHA is a fibrous residue of the rice that remains after incineration of rice husk gives the ash. The chemical analysis on rice ash was found to contain mainly silica, potassium, iron, calcium, magnesium, aluminum. when RHA mix with black cotton soil by mass in proportion of 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%. And then geotechnical properties are evaluated.

Key words: Black cotton soil, Rice husk ash, OMC, MDD, CBR.