This paper highlights the importance of Mechanical Engineers in providing mechanical services to the building sector, focused on the supply of hot and cold water to a high-rise building, made of a 24-storey building with 48 flats, each floor having three (3) bedrooms of two (2) flats. The building was divided to three zones of which each zone contains eight floors. The water requirement for the entire building per day was estimated to be 64541.3litres and hence the discharge at each zones were obtained to be 0.00398 m3/s. the mechanical zone station water power was considered to be of PVC materials whereas that of hot water was copper materials. Hot water usage and heating by electricity is expensive due to payment of bills so if the gas heating could be properly developed this could be of help to the building sector and the country at large.

Keywords - Hot and Coldwater,Plumbing, Fittings, High Rise Building,Cpvc/pvc.

A survey was carried out to assess consumer attitude to rabbit meat consumption and problems associated with it. A Multistage sampling was used to obtain information from 200 respondents. Data were obtained using a semi structured questionnaire. Respondents indicated a liking for rabbit meat believing that it is healthy and tastes good. Unavailability was cited as the most important factor hindering rabbit meat consumption. Respondents liked rabbit meat and declared it palatable, yet they do not prefer it to other meat types probably because of their familiarity with other meat types which are readily available in the market and stores than rabbit meat. Rabbit meat may possibly be preferred if it were to be made readily available like other meat types. Cut up portions of rabbit carcass is preferred to whole. Greater proportions (41.81%) of the respondents prefer rabbit meat fried but only 0.43% want it processed into meat floss. Ready to eat products should be made available in stores and market places.

Keywords - Attitude, Rabbit meat, Availability, Consumption.

The study of anthropogenic contamination by heavy metals in road traffic is very necessary for planning and environmental monitoring in urban areas. In this study, 19 road dust samples were collected at Attinguie tollbooth in Abidjan. The concentrations of metals Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer and the human health risk was assessed. The results show that the average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni in the dust samples are 432.58, 85.39, 191.71, 3.10, 105.82 and 151.24 mg/kg, respectively were higher than their value in the continental crust data. The assessment of health risk indicated that there were mainly three exposure pathways for people: ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation. The main exposure pathway of heavy metals to both children and adults is ingestion. The values of HQ and HI are lower than the safe level (=1), indicating no health risk exists in this study.

Keywords - Road dusts, Human Health Risk assessment, Hazard Index, Heavy Metals, Abidjan.

Experimental study was conducted to investigate the acid resistance of concrete containing sugar cane straw ash (SCSA). SCSA was used to partially replace Portland cement by 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% by weight of binder in order to prepare SCSA concrete. Water to binder ratio was 0.4 and Conplast SP 430 superplasticizer was added to improve workability. SCSA concrete was cured for 7 days and thereafter immersed in 10% hydrochloric acid solution for 28 days. The weight of the concrete cubes were determined before and after immersion in acid solution.Compressive strength tests were also carried out on the concrete cubes immersed in acid solution as well as the corresponding ones cured in water only.........

Keywords - Concrete, hydrochloric acid, portland cement, sugar cane straw ash.

The problem of diffusion of thermal energy and of chemical species in presence of homogeneous chemical reaction of first order of free convection flow of electrically conducting viscoelastic second order Rivlin- Erickson fluid which is an optically thin gray gas past an oscillating tilted plate in porous medium is investigated. The heat due to viscous and magnetic dissipation is taken into consideration under temperature gradient heat sources in the case of variable plate temperature and mass diffusion. Non-linear partial differential equations emerged from the modeling have being made dimensionless, using suitable nondimensional variables; and then solved by employing the symbolic computational software MAPLE. The resulting numerical solutions concerned with velocity, temperature and concentration for different values of the governing parameters are illustrated graphically and discussed quantitatively.

Keywords - Magnetic dissipation, Second order fluid, Theta method scheme, Tilted oscillating plate, viscous dissipation.

This study sought to apply and adapt the theoretical model of the Strategic Paradigm for Manufacturing Management (SPMM), proposed by Godinho Filho and Fernandes (2004), through multiple case studies in manufacturing companies, using as criterion the company size. This model encompasses five manufacturing management paradigms, which involve four key elements. To carry out these tests, it was applied mainly two questionnaires to identify which SPMMs are being used by the companies and whether they correspondents with the identified by the method studied. In addition, it was analyzed which reasons took the companies to choose or not the use of Strategic Paradigm for Manufacturing Management, being possible to show the behaviour of those companies, with regards to SPMMs.........

Keywords - Multiple case studies, Key elements, Strategic Paradigm for Manufacturing Management.

The study was conducted to identify factors affecting the collective trademark building intention of fruit farming household in Phong Dien district, Can Tho city. The data was collected through a survey of 205 fruit farming households using stratified random sampling. Using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the study found that the collective trademark building intention was affected by four factors: benefit - cost, assistance, intangible resources and tangible resources. In particular, the cost-benefit element has the strongest influence on the collective trademark building intention of the fruit farming households.

Keywords - Intention, collective trademark, fruit trees, farming household, Phong Dien district.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the most important vegetable in Turkey, and often cultivated in arid and semiarid regions with salinity problems. In the first year, three onion varieties were evaluated at various levels of salinity to identify susceptibility and tolerance levels. At the end of the experiment, "Akgun" determined more tolerant than the other varieties. At 9.6 dSm-1 condition, the survived individuals of this variety were selected as "candidate line". Selected individuals were grown to maturity and self-pollinated to produce next generations. In the third year of the study, the plants have been grown in vermiculite by substrate culture technique. The early plant stage at the 250 mM NaCl was used for the second selection studies.

Keywords - Allium, Salinity, Selection, Variation.

Anomaly in other word outlier detection is an invaluable technique to assess anypattern that is unconventional or unexpected with respect to other observation or event that. This approach is now being widely used in the detection of undesirable events such as network intrusions, bank fraud, and medical problems, errors in text or data and natural calamities. This paper particularly describes some anomaly detection algorithm to detect anomalous behavior in historical river water data collected from an Australian Database. The main feature we have concentrated on is the level of water level measured on daily basis from 1974 to till now. Maximum observations exhibit normal responses but there are also be very few observations of level acting anomalously within this dataset........

Keywords - KNN, Outlier, Parametric, Kmeans, SVM,Neural, Multivariate, Distribution, Likelihood, Q-Q, Box.

Cloud computing technologically transformed various areas like businesses, academic, healthcare and government sector. This computing platform offers diversified on-demand provisions for business sector to improve the business performance, lower development, procurement, implementation and maintenance cost. The main objective of the study is to adapt and enhance the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM 3) to validate and verify the results using the proposed enrichments in TAM3 particularly in Saudi Arabia. This study will examine the literature gap to find the key factors that affect the adoption of new technologies in general and will instill some new variable-constructs and paths, which will bring in depth, more credible required information for adoption of cloud computing in Saudi business organizations.

Keywords - Cloud Computing, Technology Acceptance Model-TAM3, variable-constructs & paths.

The present paper deals with the study of the effect of urban air pollution on anatomical structure of leaves of two shrub species viz; Catharanthusroseusand Nerium oleander growing along the road sides of Rewa city. The light microscopic studies of Catharanthusroseusand Nerium oleander leaves showed marked alteration in the anatomical parameters. Increase in the number of stomata and epidermal cells with decrease in length and width of guard cells and epidermal cells was recorded in the samples of polluted area on both upper & lower surface of leaf. The values of stomatal frequency and stomatal index were observed to be increasedin stressed area leaf samples on both the surfaces. The anatomical modifications occurred in leaves may potentially be used as biological markers for air pollution presence.

Keywords - Anatomical, Epidermal Cells, Guard cells,Stomatal index and Somatal frequency.

Balinese architecture in its construction process uses a written guideline called Asta Kosala Kosali, which is in the form of an ancient manuscript shaped lontar. It is not known when the script of Asta Kosala Kosali was written, which is clear until now this manuscript is still used as a guideline for building traditional Balinese construction. One that is regulated in this text is the procedure for determining sikut (measurement or dimensions). Where in every determination of the sikut, especially in wood material, always followed by giving a pengurip. This means the pengurip has an important position in determining sikut in the process of construction Balinese architecture. Therefore this study was conducted to find out the meaning and function of pengurip on Balinese architecture explored from the Asta Kosala Kosali script.......

Keywords - function, meaning, typing, interpretation.

The production technologies directly or indirectly affect all living and non-living objects around us. The foundry industry is no exception in this regard. Foundries face demanding requirements of customers for quality and more favourable production processes while they also have to take into account and integrate technical and legislative requirements and ensure the protection of health and safety of workers.........

Keywords - Geopolymer, GEOPOL®, binder, mould, core, casting, work environment, environment, foundry.

As the rapidly growth of wind farms in North China power grid, the wind speed prediction becomes more important for the dispatching center. The peak regulation and wind power consumption need better wind forecasting accuracy. In this paper a wind speed forecasting method based on interpolation is proposed. With the training data, support vector machines(SVM) prediction model is build, however, the prediction accuracy is decided by training data size. Thus, the polynomial interpolation is involved to increase the training data. Based on the real data of North China power grid, the simulation shows that this method can provide better prediction accuracy especially when the wind speed changes abruptly. This paper presents the reserve capacity price for the new energy power price which can reflect the effect of new energy power fluctuation on the real time reserve capacity.

Keywords - wind speed prediction, peak regulation, training data, support vector machines, reserve capacity price.

Internet banking is becoming Increasingly becoming popular because of convenience and Flexibility. Internet banking is also called as online banking and it is an outgrowth of PC banking. Internet banking uses the internet as the delivery channel by which to conduct banking activity. For example, transferring funds, paying bills, viewing checking and savings account balances, paying mortgages and purchasing Financial Instruments and Certificates of deposits. Internet banking is a result of explored possibility to use internet application in one of the various domains of commerce. It is difficult to infer whether the Internet tool has been applied for convenience of bankers or for the Customer's Convenience. But ultimately it contributes in increasing the efficiency of the banking operations as well as providing more convenience to customers.

Keywords - Internet banking, online, Bank, Perception, e-banking.

In this study was evaluate extraction of oryzanol from rice bran under subcritical condition and pressurized gas (N2 and CO2) to obtained rice bran oil (RBO) followed by purification oryzanol using silica gel. Temperature, reaction time and solvent ratio (methanol to water) were used at extraction method. The oryzanol content 2.16% ± 0,11 ( 2,75 mg oryzanol/g oil) were obtained using subcritical condition with initial free fatty acids (FFAs) content of 37.77%, under the following conditions: T= 200oC, P= 4.0 bar (Used N2 as a pressurized gas), methanol to water ratio 20/20 (v/v), ratio of rice bran/solvent of 1/8 (g/mL), and 7 h of reaction time. Using CO2 as pressurized gas at the same operational condition..........

Keywords - oryzanol, rice bran, silica gel, subcritical extraction.

dditive.Elephantgrasswasobtainedonthe 8 th weekofregrowth,choppedtoanaverageparticlelengthof4-8cm...........

Keywords - Elephant grass, additives, molasses, Ph.

This paper looks at the Comparative study of the performance of Proportional Derivative (PD), Proportional Integral (PI), and Proportional Integral Derivative(PID) controllers for Position(Angle of Rotation) control of a Single Joint System comprising of a simple DC Motor as the actuator . In most industrial application of Robots, especially Humanoid Robots, their joints are usually actuated by DC Motors which allows flexible movement or rotation of the joints to perform certain task. The Single Joint System in this work is an Open Loop unstable system , however the application of controllers results in set-point tracking and stabilization , thus the performance of PD, PI and PID controller is studied and compared both in the time and frequency domain for transient and steady state responses.

Keywords - Single Joint System, Robotic system, Humanoid Robot, Set-Point Tracking, Stabilization, Actuator.

This paper presents a multi degree of freedom (MDOF) Model that analyses a system subjected to dynamic inclined forces. The source of these forces could be from earthquake, wind, etc. In analysis of structures with possibilities of dynamic occurrences, only the normal vertical and lateral force components have been extensively dealt with. However, there are other possibilities of having inclined components of the dynamic force on structures which are neither vertical nor lateral. This paper, therefore, presents an analysis of inclined components of dynamic force. Flexibility influence coefficient method was used in this analysis considering a system with two degrees of freedom............

Keywords - Multi-degrees of Freedom (MDOF), Natural Frequencies, Inertia Force, Dynamic motion, Resonance.

This review is one of the first to highlight an association between main milk parameters and cancer risk. In this review, milk components such as lactose, fat and protein related to cancer risk will be discussed. Milk with high fat and protein level obtained from dams having high live weight and cow breeds having high milk fat and protein such as Jersey have disadvantageous in terms of cancer risk. Sheep milk because of its high fat is the most risky milk compared to other animal species. Restriction of sheep milk intake may be useful for prevention of cancer derived from high fat intake. The milk fat content obtained from cows having twin calves is lower than that of cows having single calves...........

Keywords - Milk, fat, protein, lactose, cancer, risk.

Trend analysis of the concentrations of air pollutant matters is important to assess the long-term increase or decrease. Trend analyses of the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM10) in annual and winter season (1990–2009) periods in the Aegean Region cities,Denizli, Izmir, Afyon, Aydin, Kutahya, Manisa, and Usak, were investigated using the methods of linear regression, Mann–Kendall, Sen's, and Spearman's Rho. Linear regression analyses showed that decreasing trends of the SO2 concentrations were observed in Izmir and Kutahya. The PM10 concentrations in winter season also showed downward trend in Izmir. According to the Mann–Kendall, Sen's, and Spearman's Rho tests, decreasing trend was observed for the SO2 concentrations in Denizli, while the upward trend was seen for the PM10 concentrations. Constant reductions in the SO2 and PM10 concentrations were determined in Izmir...........

Keywords - Mann–Kendall method, particulate matter, Sen's method, Spearman's Rho method, sulfur dioxide, trend analysis.

Let G be a primitive strongly regular graph and A its adjacency matrix. Let A be the Euclidean Jordan subalgebra of the Euclidean Jordan algebra V of real symmetric matrices of order n, equipped with the Jordan product and with the usual inner product of two matrices of order n, this is with the inner product that is the trace of the usual product of matrices, spanned by the identity of order n and the natural powers of A. By an algebraic analysis of the spectra of a particular Hadamard series of an element of A we establish an admissibility condition on the spectra and on the parameters of a strongly regular graph.

Keywords - Euclidean Jordan Algebras, Graph Theory, Strongly regular graphs.

As the economy of China and living standards of Chinese people increase rapidly, the power consumption sees fast growth as well. Long-distance and high-capacity power transmission via HVDC has become a widely-accepted power delivery solution, since China features uneven distribution of natural resources, and the load center is far away from power generation places. North China Power Grid (NCPG) is known as one of the six regional power grids in China. In recent years, NCPG has staged a remarkable transformation, from early-period HVAC to present-day HVDC, from early-period small amount of renewable power sources, to present-day large-scale penetration of renewable energy..........

Keywords - Ultra-high voltage, AC-DC hybrid system, renewable energy, automatic generation control, control strategy.

An investigation was carried out into the chloride and sulphate resistance of concrete and mortar containing palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as partial replacement for cement. POFA was used to partially replace Portland cement by 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% by weight of binder in order to prepare POFA concrete and mortars.The chloride resistance of POFA concretes at various mixes towards chloride attack was investigated by placing concrete cubes inside 3 per cent Sodium Chloride (NaCl) solutionand tested for mass change after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of immersion.The durability of POFA Mortar Bars at various mixes towards sulphate attack was investigated by immersing mortar bars in magnesium sulphate solution and tested for mass change..........

Keywords - chloride resistance, concrete, mortar, palm oil fuel ash, sulphate resistance.

In this paper, a cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) is presented to solve the dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) problem. The practical DEED problems have non-smooth cost function with equality and inequality constraints, which make the problem of finding the global optimum difficult when using any mathematical approaches. The proposed algorithm is validated on 5-unit generation system for a 24 h time interval. The results proved the efficiency of the proposed method when compared with the other optimization algorithms reported in the literature.

Keywords - Cuckoo search algorithm, dynamic economic emission dispatch, prohibited operating zones, non-smooth cost function

In this study, an optical fiber micro-bending pressure sensor system is fabricated and investigated. This system consistsof two parts: a multimode optical fiber, which is a sensor part, and the OTDR device, which is an analyzer of the optical signal that propagateinside the optical fiber. The multimode optical fiberis fabricated using etching chemical method.The clad of the fiber with 1 cm length is etched by hydrofluoric acid. The sensing systemis used to detect small changes in the pressure thatis produced from the linear displacement of the two plats of the Mode Scrambler. The relationship between the applied pressure and the losses in the OTDR trace is calculated during the monitoring process...........

Keywords - .........

Introduction: Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a major global health problem. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. This study is performed at the health screening centre of Dhaka Crown Medical Center, Uttar Badda, Dhaka North City Corporation, Bangladesh. It aims to determine the seroprevalence of these diseases by screening the apparently healthy outbound staff who are intending to go abroad for labor work. It also aims the comparison between the sensitivity of two diagnostic tests; ICT and ELISA. Materials and Methods: ELISA was used as gold standard for comparative evaluation. 5,500 healthy subjects tested on ELISA and ICT kits using separate panel-sera for each..........

Keywords - HBsAg, ICT, ELISA, Prevalence.

At present, cloud computing, big data, internet of things, mobile applications, social media and other information technology are concerned by refinery around the world because they greatly improve the production and operation efficiency. Especially in China, they will become the key work of the development of information technology of refining and chemical enterprises. In this paper, an information strategy of smart refinery is proposed to cope with the new competitive situation faced by refining and chemical enterprises. The construction steps and blueprint of smart refinery are discussed in detail, as well as the functions and design of several important typical systems/applications, including molecular database of crude oil, smart supply chain, regional operations center(ROC), energy consumption system management and optimization, device performance optimization system and smart petrol station. The blueprint of smart refinery designed in this paper has been used in a large refining and chemical enterprise and provides technical support for the top design of the enterprise' digital transformation.

Keywords - Refining and chemical enterprises; digital transformation; digital refinery; intelligent refinery; smart refinery; smart supply chain.

Toxic elements are compounds that negatively affect people's health when they are in excess in the body system, but they becomes necessary to human's health and supportive to life when they are in small amount as recommended by World Health Organization standard i.e NIS554:2007. Some of the toxic elements analyzed during the project includes lead, arsenic, chromium Cobalt, Cadmium, Selenium, Beryllium Nickel etc. Two samples were taken from each location in National Iron Ore Mining Company (NIOMCO), Itakpe and one sample was acidified with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) while the other one was not acidified...........

Keywords - Mine, Effluence, Water, Quality, Standard.

A circular economy is an industrial system that is restorative or regenerative by intention and design. It replaces the end-of-life concept with restoration, shifts towards the use of renewable energy, eliminates the use of toxic chemicals, which impair reuse and return to the biosphere, and aims for the elimination of waste through the superior design of materials, products, systems and business models. The new dimensions of product development and reuse concept in circular economy would also significantly increase the operational facility and network complexity. In this line, Internet of Things is a new emerging technology along with artificial intelligence is proposed to overcome the challenges in circular economy concept.

Keywords - IoT, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Big Data, Blockchain and Circular economy.

It is an increasing trend to detect vehicle speedssimply by using a simple camera and image processing software. In the proposed technique,a vehicle which is passing through the camera field of view (FOV) is detected. Two techniques named linear motion and discrete motion speed detection are employed. In the first technique, the vehicle speed was calculated as the ratio of real distance covered by the FOV and the time duration between the vehicle entering and exiting the FOV. Time duration is determined as the time between the time stamps at the beginning and at the end of the FOV.In the second technique vehicle speed is calculated at different time stamps within the FOV with respect to initial startup time stamp. In order to avoid the unwanted vehicle within the camera field..........

Keywords - Field of view (FOV), Camera field, travelling distance, vertical distance, trigonometry, time stamp, image processing.

Due to the particular characteristics of hospital environments, it is necessary to carefully select the maintenance management model to be implemented in a health institution. This model must guarantee not only the availability of medical technology but also residual risk management and patient safety. This article is focused on a general review about the maintenance process and its management models through time and analyses in a particular way its impact in the hospital sector. This review will classify the evolution of the maintenance function through time according to its historical context. It will summarize earlier literature review papers related to maintenance management. Moreover, it examines the impact of maintenance models within the literature regarding the clinic-hospital environment...........

Keywords - Clinic-Hospital environment, Maintenance management, Maintenance model, Medical technology, Patient safety, Risk management.

In this study, salmon by-product was used as protein source to obtain bioactive peptides. Firstly, the effect of by-product:water on protein recovery yield and effects of hydrolysis condition including enzyme type, pH, temperature, enzyme to substrate (E:S) ratio and hydrolysis time on the antioxidant activity of the proteolysate were investigated. Then, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to maximize the antioxidant capacity through E:S ratio and hydrolysis time. Next, the proteolysate was fractionated and four collected peptide fractions of 10–30 kDa, 3–10 kDa, 1–3 kDa and 1 kDa were examined for their antioxidant and iron-binding capacity. Next, the fraction with the highest bioactivity was used for peptide identification (molecular weight and amino acid sequence) using mass spectrometer / mass spectrometer (MS/MS) method...........

Keywords - Antioxidant activity, iron-binding activity, salmon by–product, hydrolysate.

The research presents the effect of exposure of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyester (GFRP) composite laminates to X-rays. A set of six laminates were prepared from Chopped Strand Mat (CSM) and polyester resin matrix using hand lay-up method. The composite laminates were held at the temperature of 55ºC for 1hour 30 minutes and subsequently exposed to conventional X-ray machine with high X-ray tube voltage of 70Kv at different exposure 6 mAs, 12 mAs, 18 mAs, 24 mAs and 30 mAs respectively, but one as the control sample. Flexural (3-point bend) test were conducted to determine the mechanical property of the laminates using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) M500 25CT model. The test specimen dimensions were shaped in consonant with (ASTM E4) method..........

Keywords - X- Rays radiation, 3-point bend, Composite Laminate Degradation, Radiation Intensity, Science Laboratory software.

Concrete curing is one of the most important and final step in concrete production but it is one of the most neglected and misunderstood procedure. The paper seeks to compare the compressive strengths of concrete cured using four different curing methods. The research work employed experimental and analytical study. A total number of 80 concrete cubes of size 150mm × 150mm× 150mm were cast and cured using four different methods of curing with constant water/cement ratio of 0.5. Data was collected and recorded on all 80 concrete specimen. The paper identified ponding as the curing method that yielded the highest compressive strength and was followed by jute bag. The least performing method was the wet sand method.

Keywords - Curing methods, compressive strength, Portland cement, Ghana.

To evaluate correlation between CI, GI, HI and size of metastasis for high dose SRS / SRT using Elekta Versa HD® lineer accelerator. Sixteen patients with single metastasis were used in this study. For each of the patients, the target was defined on CT-MR deformable fused images. Agility® MLC system's features were used for patients treatment planning. Minimum segment width adjusted 0.5 cm, grid spacing adjusted 0.2 cm and statistical uncertainty adjusted 1% per plan. Patient's treatment planning were performed using Monaco 5.11® TPS with three or four non-coplanars 6 MV-FFF beams by partial VMAT technique for each patient. We determined four different size of metastasis catagory which were between 0.1 cc and 0.5 cc volume, between 0.5 cc and 1.0 cc volume, between 1.0 cc and 5.0 cc volume and between 5.0 cc and 10.0 cc volume..........

Keywords - HI, GI, SRS, SRT.

Housing being one of the three basic needs of life always remains in the top priorities of any person, society and economy. As a human being an individual needs his own space and privacy, which can be provided by the ownership of a house. The a platform to the Family and the Family is the most important social Institution. Which leaves its imprint on an individual for whole life. Thus context of developing policies and strategies for human populace lives in slums, and temporary shabby shelters in rural areas.

Keywords - Housing Finance, Slum area, Security.

Thisstudy used experimental method to examine the infiltration rates for three major types of soils (sandy, loamy and clayey) in Ado Ekiti Metropolitan area of Nigeria. The experimental method include laboratory and field tests. The laboratory tests done for the classification of the samples consist of moisture content, specific gravity, sieve and hydrometer analysis as well as atterberg test to British Standard (BS) 1377 (1975). The samples were later classified using Unified Soil Classification System (USC) and textural triangle method. The Field Tests include use of fabricated double-ring infiltrometer (ASTM, 1994) for the determination of infiltration and estimation of water in the soil two days after the infiltration test was carried out..........

Keywords - Experimental method, infiltration rate, sandy, loamy, clayey, Ado Ekiti.

When the stresses and the deformations generated during a mechanical loading exceed the allowed limits, the machine element loses these capacities to fulfill its function. So the evaluation of the stress distributions in the O-rings is primary importance to avoid their deterioration during an excessive loading. In order to ensure an analytical development of the stresses in O-ring seal, a semi-analytic approach is proposed in this work. This approach was used in the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of a Brazilian disc during the compression test. The approach's results are perfectly measured with those of the finite element analysis using an axisymmetric model.

Keywords - Analytical modeling, Contact pressure, FEA, O-ring; Stress fields.

All designning d.c. lap winding machines have standard horse Power (hp.) only (i.e. 0 .25 ,0.33,0 .5 , 1 , 2…) but it is impossiple to design these machines in much wide domain (i.e 0.13, 0.18, 0.27, 1.2...........),because the restricting integer result of equation winding refuse to design the machine in that much wide domain leadind to restrict the values of important parameters like slots, coils & bars.The search suggests to add new factor on equation winding to accept any above parameters and to improve commutation, also its effeciency and to make sparklless as possible. Finally this new factor plays alarge important role to cancel the hardly requiements on machine in addion to that improving its specification and its power.

Keywords - ............