This work addresses the design and optimization of a small-displacement internal combustion engine for a competitive experimental vehicle. This competition encourages students to design and construct vehicles with the highest possible energy efficiency. Participating teams compete in various categories; the category of this work aims to cover the greatest possible distance using the equivalent of one liter of fuel. The paper concentrates on key aspects of engine concept development, including the selection of a suitable concept, modification of an existing commercial engine, and the design of a proprietary solution.

KEYWORDS: Internal combustion engine, optimization, small-displacement, efficiency

The global shift toward decarbonization is restructuring financial flows to the oil and gas sector, creating significant challenges for National Oil Companies (NOCs) that remain central to the fiscal stability of many resource-dependent economies. This study examines how the energy transition is reshaping traditional funding structures and evaluates emerging financing pathways that can support NOCs in adapting to a low-carbon global environment. Using a mixed-methods comparative analysis of six major NOCs, the research integrates interview insights, financial data, and transition-risk assessments......

KEYWORDS: National Oil Companies, energy transition, sustainable finance, ESG, diversification, transition risk, climate-aligned capital.

Facial beautification enhancement is a widely used function in image processing, often requiring manual parameter adjustment to achieve optimal results. To provide a more intelligent and automated solution, this study proposes an enhanced facial beautification system based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). While the Cycle-Consistent Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) effectively performs unpaired image-to-image translation, it suffers from contour and detail loss........

KEYWORDS: Facial enhancement, Generative adversarial networks (GAN), intersection-over-union (IOU).