Adequate funding of the education sector is crucial to the provision of quality education for all (OECD, 2016). Financing of education is the greatest enabler of learners to participate in education and flow through education system from entry to exit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) on participation rates in public secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The targeted respondents included School Principals and their Deputies from 196 secondary schools in Makueni County as well as 9 Sub County Directors of Education from Makueni County. Data collection instruments included questionnaires for Principals, Deputy Principals and interview schedule for Sub-county Directors of Education.........

KEYWORDS:- Educational Subsidy, Free Day Secondary Education, Participation Rate.

Governments around the world agree that the ability to provide quality education for all and to respond to new priorities depends on the availability of adequate funding in education (OECD, 2016). Financing of education is the greatest enabler of learners to participate in education and flow through education system from entry to exit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of financing by non-state agencies on participation rates in public secondary schools in Makueni County, Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive survey design where the targeted respondents included School Principals and their Deputies from 196 secondary schools in Makueni County as well as 9 Sub County Directors of Education from Makueni County. Data collection instruments included questionnaires for Principals.........

KEYWORDS:- Educational Subsidy, Non-State Agencies, Participation Rate.

This study examines the impact of organizational trade secrets and organizational performance, focusing on technical information management practices and competitive edge as sub-variables in measuring the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 108 SMEs using structured questionnaires. The analysis, conducted through SPSS software, includes descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses to assess the relationship between technical information management practices and competitive edge..........

KEYWORDS:- Trade Secrets, Technical Information Management, Organizational Performance, Competitive Edge, SMEs, Cybersecurity Measures.

Universal Transformation System, time (time storage and live time running process), Energy with Power transformation system, Mechanical Resistance = Electrical Resistance, Newton's 3rd Law under transformation, number of members inside the system, {∞PastPresentFuture∞} conditions, endless loop system, system in processing state, Energy with power adding and dividing processes, Electro-Magnetic transformation system, Work Done, Power-Force relation, Life, Reformed Ohm's law, Newton's absolute time, Black Hole, Gravity Generator, Space, Light and Electromagnetic spectrum, atomic structure, gyroscope, Angular momentum..........

The study examined the impact of the oil industry on the economic development of Nigeria. The Nigerian petroleum industry dominates the Nigerian economy in terms of profits and revenue. According to the recent Petroleum Export Organization (OPEC) report, Nigeria currently ranks as the world's tenth-largest crude oil reserves and also the world's fifteenth crude oil producer. According to national statistics, the industry generates for the country more than 95% of the country's external revenue and about 80% of government revenue. Secondary data collected on the economic variable used in the study comes from the World Bank, worldometer, and the International Monetary Fund, Statistical Review of World Energy..........

Keywords: Autoregressive distributed lag, Oil industry, the economic development

This research project investigates the compressive strength characteristics of superplasticized concrete incorporating periwinkle shell (PS) as partial replacements for granite coarse aggregate. The study aims to assess the influence of superplasticizer content and curing age on the compressive strength development of the novel concrete mixtures. Comparative analysis with plain concrete (control specimen) reveals that superplasticized concrete with periwinkle shell partial replacement exhibits a slower strength development. Results indicate that the compressive strength of superplasticized PS concrete attains its maximum strength (22.07 kN/mm²) at 21 days with a 15% partial replacement and 0.5% superplasticizer content. The findings suggest that optimal strength development for PS partial replacement performs best at higher percentages (15%)...........

Keywords: Superplasticizer, Periwinkle shell, Concrete, Compressive Strength, Fresh properties.

This The need for vegetables because of its economic significance and nutritive value cannot be overstated with the expanding global population. As a way of adding value to vegetables before using them domestically, a portable shredding machine has been developed in order to evade the challenges of time consumption, contamination and wounds associated with the manual method of shredding vegetables by means of sharp knife. Vegetable shredding is a process of cutting vegetables into thin slices or pieces using a sharp knife or grater. The vegetable shredding machine which works on shear principle was fabricated using locally sourced materials and tested. The performance evaluation test shows that the machine driven by a 0.5-hp electric motor has an average performance shredding time of 29.2 seconds with a shredding efficiency of 75.28% and a throughput capacity of 17.25 g/secs. The vegetable shredder consists of simple components that can be effortlessly assembled. Hence, the operation and maintenance of the machine are quite simple and easy. .

Keywords: Vegetable, Shredder, Cutting, Slicing, Shredding Efficiency.

With the advancement on automation systems in our life and construction projects the development of automated Environmental Impact assessment EIA system is desirable. This could be achieved by set of integrated technologies, software, and hardware to perform a task which is in this research paper is Quality EIA. The environmental impact assessment must be improved, assessed, and quality checked for the human and the environment health and safety benefit first, and the advancement of human activities and needs towards the future. If we consider the development and construction projects is one of the markers and the signature of how far is countries and human civilized or advanced, the EIA quality review and development of this document in any project should be improved and advanced....... .

Keywords: xxxx

The increasing globalization of the construction industry has increased the demand for multilingual professionals capable of succeeding in diverse environments. This research investigates the convenience and effectiveness of teaching English to construction vocational students in Kuwait, namely the Construction Training Institute (CTI), focusing on improving their employability and competitiveness. This study examines the potential benefits of using English as the medium of instruction in CTI, not only in English for special purposes (ESP) classes, but all other technical lectures. This will address the challenges in the vocational institutions and students' challenges in adopting English, including language proficiency barriers and curriculum adjustment. The study highlights the importance of delivering effective instructions while developing students' technical skills. This study provides practical strategies for improving and enhancing the vocational education system while preparing CTI students for an increasingly interconnected global workforce. .

Keywords: Construction Training, ESP, globalization, workforce..

This paper explores the architectural significance and evolution of wind towers and wind catchers, examining their various types and tracing their origins across ancient civilizations. Special emphasis is placed on the dispute between Iran and Egypt regarding the invention of the wind catcher. Furthermore, the study delves into how these architectural elements were introduced to Kuwait and adapted to suit the region's hot arid climate. By analyzing historical records and architectural adaptations, the research aims to provide insights into the cultural and environmental factors that contributed to the development and diffusion of this sustainable cooling technology in the Gulf region. .

Keywords: Cooling, ventilation, , Kuwait, Architecture, Wind Catcher.

Educational facilities and infrastructure at any training institute must meet the minimum international standards. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the current facilities and infrastructure in the Computer Drawing Labs. The study used quantitative research methods, including observation and documentation. Study results indicate that all aspects of facilities and infrastructure assessed are in the good feasible category, with achievement levels ranging from 70 to 100 percent. The aspect with the lowest feasibility achievement is the space area at 70%, while the aspect of room furniture, educational media, equipment, and environment quality, achieved feasibility levels of 85%. .

Keywords: Feasibility, Facilities and Infrastructure, and Computer Labs

This study examines the impact of museum design on knowledge acquisition through a comprehensive literature review. By analyzing existing research on museum architecture, exhibit layout, and visitor engagement, the study explores how design elements such as spatial organization, lighting, and interactive displays influence learning outcomes. The literature review reveals key insights into the ways museum environments shape cognitive processes and retention of information. Findings suggest that well-designed museums significantly enhance visitor engagement and facilitate deeper understanding. This review highlights existing trends and identifies gaps in the current research, providing a foundation for future empirical studies on the relationship between museum design and knowledge transfer. .

Keywords: Museum education, Visitor experience, Museum design, Museum interpretation.

This article assesses the students' sensation of thermal comfort in the open areas of the construction training institute in Kuwait, a hyper arid desert. This is carried out using field measurements from the site, and then handing out in-depth questionnaires to 100 students. The questionnaire provides great insight into the students' perception of thermal comfort, as well as the constituents that impact it. Moreover, the students' recommendations to improve thermal comfort in open spaces sheds light on the various methods that should be further researched and quantified. These solutions include adding substantial vegetation and trees for shading and redesigning the inadequate existing shading devices on campus. Overall, the findings indicate that the air temperature and humidity are well below the comfort level. These field measurements are sufficiently validated with the questionnaire results that indicate a substantially negative experience. While outdoor thermal comfort is heavily under researched in Kuwait, there are endless opportunitiesfor improvement and development. Consequently, this paper acts as a catalyst for future endeavors, quantitative analysis, and raised awareness. .

Keywords: Thermal comfort, open spaces, Kuwait, educational institutions, shading devices..

The research aimed to investigate the significance of modern safety techniques in the construction industry of Kuwait. It found a lack of awareness among workers and organizations, hindering their implementation. The study highlighted the benefits of using modern safety technologies to address safety issues and recommended training workers, government support, and the involvement of professional institutions to raise awareness. .

Keywords: .....