We present a fast motion detection technique in a dynamic background as an abnormal motion based on a motion history image (MHI). Since a camera view is usually not in perpendicular with motion direction, the velocity of motion is not uniform spatially. Instead of object detection directly from an image, we divide an image into several blocks. Then we calculate the probability that a block(s) contains a fast motion by using parameters of a shifting histogram. A shifting histogram is created based on a MHI. The performance of the proposed method is experimentally shown.

KEYWORDS:- Abnormal motion, motion history image, shifting histogram.

This research presents the development of a Smart Soybean Plant Disease Detection and Control System, designed to accurately identify various soybean leaf diseases and recommend appropriate treatments. The system utilizes a machine learning model trained on a comprehensive dataset of leaf images, capturing both diseased and healthy leaves, to classify conditions with high accuracy. The model is a convolutional neural network trained on 224x224 RGB images. It was trained on a dataset of over 1000 soybean leaf images. The percentage training accuracy of the model was 95%. The testing phase demonstrated the system's capability to accurately detect four specific leaf conditions.........

KEYWORDS:- Machine Learning, Smart System, internet of Things, Decision Support System.

The Enhancing the realism of tactile experiences in laparoscopic surgery through the development of tactile displays is a crucial endeavor. A primary challenge in designing such displays revolves around grasping how touch perception varies across different material properties. This project endeavors to tackle this challenge by exploring how the interplay of material properties influences the perception of softness. The project seeks to investigate how the interplay of surface roughness and compliance influences the perception of softness using a psychophysical experiment. The experiment involved nine stimuli representing three distinct compliances, each with three varying patterns of surface roughness. Findings from the experiment reveal that compliance significantly influences softness perception, both during finger pressure and sliding movements. Furthermore, surface roughness also exerts an impact on softness perception.......

KEYWORDS:- Human perception, softness, compliance, roughness, stickiness, tactile displays.

We report on magnetic and microwave absorption properties in X-band (8-12 GHz) and Ku-band (12-18 GHz) of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/Ag core-shell nanostructures. Silver powder was covered withNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4spinel ferrites, forming a core-shell nanostructure synthesized by dry mixing at different ferrite/silver ratio (7:1, 5:1 and 3:1 %wt). The spinel ferrite nanoparticles (~25 nm) have been synthesized from iron sand by coprecipitation method and the pure silver powder with a typical particle size of ~3 μm. The core-shell nanostructures morphology has been observed by SEM........

KEYWORDS:- core-shell, ferrites, irond sand, nanostructures, microwave absorption.

The steady increase in design and technology requirements for efficient and incredibly rapid new product development in the pre-production stages and subsequent production and service presentsevery engineering company with the challenging task of managing the emerginginflux and updatingunstructured data and information. The inevitable collaboration of all pre-production and production stages components in the innovation orlaunchof a new product has increased the need for enterprise data management and governance and online access to design, process and production data. Increasingly, this collaboration is taking place in an environment that uses concurrent engineering. In such an environment, document and business process management must be more thoroughly ensured in synergy with quality management. By analogy, the secure protection and control of corporate data and information is one of the main concernsoftoday's industrial manufacturing companies.

KEYWORDS:- Product LifeCycle Management, effectively, Information Management, industrial enterprise.

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 disruption on student performance across socioeconomics, gender, and race usingsix years (2017-2023) of Massachusetts standardized test datafrom grade 3 through 8 in math and English Language Arts (ELA). Findings reveal a significant rise in thepercentage of students Not Meeting (grade-level)Expectations (NME)in post-2020 years, with math exhibiting a higherimmediate increase compared to ELA.Notably, the ELANME rateis continuously rising post-2020.Moreover, thesurge in NME rateis disproportionately greater forhigh needs, female (math only), Hispanic, and Black students, suggesting an exacerbation ofpre-existing inequities.

KEYWORDS:- COVID-19,Equity,Policy,Secondary data analysis,Student performance, USA.

Due to the special geological and climatic conditions in Yunnan Province, natural disasters occur frequently. This study takes the prefabricated buildings in post-disaster reconstruction in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province as the research object, and uses the research methods of literature review, questionnaire survey, on-the-spot investigation and expert interview to explore the present situation and challenges of the operation and maintenance management of prefabricated buildings. It is found that prefabricated buildings are widely used in post-disaster reconstruction because of their rapid construction and cost-effectiveness, but at the same time, there are problems such as structural safety hazards.........

KEYWORDS:- Prefabricated buildings, post-disaster reconstruction, operation and maintenance management.

The current study assessed students' perception on quality of services received in Kenyan public universities amidst adoption of ISO standards. The study focused on six elements of ISO Standards assessable by students and key quality performance indicators adopted from SERVQUAL, Gap and Nordic service quality models. In addition, the study assessed student's perception on service quality using the elements of service quality proposed by Payne. The study involved a sample of 384 students as guided by Krejcie & Morgan (1970), drawn from the four faculties in the university through stratified sampling. Structured questionnaire was used with 5-ponits likert scale; 1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree to gather student's perception on service quality performance in the university.........

KEYWORDS:- Service Quality Performance, ISO Certification, Service Quality Models.

This article aims to review the existing literature on the impact of climate change on Greece's primary sector, focusing on sustainable management. Climate change has already caused and will persistently cause significant adverse impacts in various sectors due to environmental degradation, resource depletion, and extreme weather events. These impacts are evident in the natural environment, the economy, and society, resulting in infrastructure damage, decreased agricultural productivity, and economic downturn. The EU and Greek strategies and policies are focused on adapting to and mitigating the impacts of human activities.........

KEYWORDS:- climate change; GHG emissions; primary sector; agriculture.

User interface concerns are examined in non-conversational AI systems in this study, which is a crucial aspect in many AI Applications. Determining and solving these limitations that prevent the full potential and adoption of these systems is the significance of this study. 150 primary studies from major academic databases were analyzed, using a systematic literature review methodology, persistent challenges in providing intuitive interfaces, mitigating biases, ensuring data privacy, and achieving real-time data processing were the Key findings. For enhancing user interaction and system effectiveness, the integration of emotional recognition abilities is found as a promising area..........

KEYWORDS:- Non-conversational AI, Usability, Transparency, Ethical concerns, Technical limitations, Emotional recognition.

Social media has become an integral part of contemporary society, profoundly transforming communication, social behavior, political engagement, and cultural norms. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review exploring the multifaceted impact of social media across these dimensions. The study synthesizes findings from 32 peer-reviewed articles, case studies, and authoritative reports published between 2016 and 2024. The review reveals that social media platforms facilitate global connectivity and foster community building, yet they also pose significant challenges such as superficial connections, social isolation, and the spread of misinformation. In politics, social media has revolutionized campaign strategies and public discourse but has also contributed to polarization and the dissemination of false information...........

KEYWORDS:- Social Media Impact, Digital Communication, Social Behavior, Political Engagement, Mental Health.

This paper presents the power flow analysis of the Nigeria 330 kV, 34-bus transmission network under steady-state and under the application of a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device - Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). The modeling and simulations required for a thorough study of the steady-state operation of the electric power system with UPFC are presented in detail. The analysis of the system model was performed using the NEPLAN software environment and the simulation results of the 34-bus system before and after the introduction of UPFC are equally presented. Results from the analysis revealed that before the incorporation of UPFC, seven (7) buses of the thirty-four (34) buses of the case study have their voltage magnitudesoutside the acceptable value limit of 313.5V346.5 kV., which were improved to 330 kV each at the introduction of UPFC. Also, the active power loss was reduced by 11.67%. Thus, the application of UPFC on the Nigeria 330 kV power system network stabilizes the system's voltage and causes a reduction in the total power loss, which attests to an improvement in the power system performance. .

KEYWORDS:- Power Flow Analysis, FACTS, UPFC, Steady-state, Real and Reactive Power, NEPLAN

One of the most widely used products is fiber-reinforced concrete. Glass fibers are used for reinforcement. The strength of the interaction between the fibers and the cement matrix is the most important factor. The degradation of glass fibers can occur for several reasons. One cause may be chemical processes, another cause may be the effect of hydration products formed at the interface between the fibers and the matrix. Another cause is minor defects in the manufacturing process, which can lead to fracture under static loading. The use of active mineral additives and special coatings can be used to improve the protection of the fiberglass surface and to prolong the durability of fiberglass reinforced concrete. .

KEYWORDS:- alkali-resistant glass fiber, glass fiber reinforced concrete, active mineral admixtures

Due to limited supplies and importing costs, it is one of the goals of the Korean turf industry to replace overseas peat with local organic soil amendments. The experiment was initiated in creeping bentgrass (CB) to assess both local and overseas soil organic amendments (SOAs) on the early-stage growth characteristics, to recommend a reasonable mixing ratio for each amendment, and to provide the preliminary basic data for rootzone mixes on CB establishment. Twenty-five treatments were prepared with SOA plus sand at 10% to 50% (v/v). Significant differences were observed in early-stage growth characteristics. Seedling emergence, establishment vigor, and shoot growth were variable with the type of SOAs and their mixing rate in rootzone mixtures. At the termination of the study, the establishment vigor was shown from...........

KEYWORDS:- Establishment vigor, Creeping bentgrass, Rootzone mixture, Seedling emergence, shoot growth.

The topic of generations is important from a marketing point of view, because everyone belongs to a certain generation. Representatives of one generation witness common historical events, are influenced by the same trends in fashion, film and music. All this affects them. But this question must always be considered in the context of a specific country. This stems from the fact that different countries have different political and economic processes, lifestyles and living standards are also different. On the other hand, each country has its own specifics in terms of traditions, way of life and culture, which also have a direct relationship with the formation of the consumer's personality............

KEYWORDS:- Digital generation, generation Z, Alpha generation, consumer.