A Metabolic activity within a microbial fuel cell (MFC) is critical for generating power for use as a renewable energy source. The study's goal is to track both exogenous and endogenous metabolic activity for various biomass-substrates combinations used to generate energy from mud soil MFCs. Oxygen consumption rate and methane production rate were used as an indicator for microbial activity in this study. A total of six identical cells were made for six different criteria, three of which have a low concentration of bio-consortium and another three have a high concentration of bio-consortium. Two different substrates were used too. A total of six experiments were conducted to observe the metabolic rates and power output of microbes present in a special bio-consortium of both exogenous and endogenous states utilizing cohesive soil. 300ml of the prepared sample with Zinc and Carbon felt as electrodes were used. The highest recorded methane value and oxygen consumption percentage were detected at 4847 μg/mol and 14%. .......

Key Words: Keywords – Bio-consortium, Endogenous, Exogenous, Metabolic activities, Methane generation

This research was conducted due to the decline in the number of tourists coming to Sabang City. The research aims to determine the influence of ecotourism facilities and elements on destination image and their implications for tourist interest in visiting Sabang City. The method used is descriptive supported by using a quantitative approach. The research population is tourists who have visited the city of Sabang. The sampling technique used in the research was Cluster Random Sampling with a total of 100 tourists as respondents. The analytical tool used is the SEM-PLS analysis approach. The results of the research show that ecotourism facilities and elements have a significant effect on interest in returning to visit both directly and through destination image variables. Based on the results and discussion, it is known that good facilities and ecotourism elements influence the image of the destination which causes tourists to increase their interest in returning to visit.

Key Words: Facilities, Ecotourism Elements, Destination Image, Interest in Returning.

Theory of Time" is a research and analysis report on 'The Universal Transformation System' to find out reason for changes. I had found some systematic/ logical relational imbalance among the principles of AC Transformer, Ohm's law, series parallel circuits and law of conservation of energy. I did systematic analysis and research on above said combination principles and The Universal Transformation System's Relative components are determined and organized systematically for better understanding and found that the reformed results are meeting with the natural principles of all kind of transformation systems/ principles.......

Key Words: Universal Transformation System, time (time storage and live time running process), Energy with Power transformation system, Mechanical Resistance = Electrical Resistance, Newton's 3rd Law under transformation, number of members inside the system.........

This research was conducted with the aim of characterizing the semiconductor TiO2 and coconut shell as the mass of the coconut shell increases. The study was carried out through experimental methods and characterization using SEM with three levels of magnification. The results obtained are as follows: in a 1:1 mass ratio, the particle size is 6.5 μm; in a 1:3 mass ratio, the particle size is 8.9 μm, and the largest coconut shell mass ratio is 1:5, resulting in a particle size of 7.7 μm. The differences in size in each variation are due to the physical and chemical characteristics of the observed materials, and particle size can influence the supercapacitor storage capacity.

Key Words: SEM, Characterization, TiO2, Coconut Shell, Activated Carbon.

TikTok became popular in 2020 because of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which also affected the increasing number of researchers who researched TikTok. This study systematically reviews the data on how brand engagement on TikTok fosters loyalty and why SMEs need to brand engage on TikTok. This systematic literature review aims to identify what makes TikTok viral and what makes brands engage. The PRISMA method was used to review 23 articles from the Google Scholar database. From the results of the review, 18 main research topics emerged.

Key Words: TikTok, SMEs, Brand Engagement, Loyalty

The reaction of isoprenol with ozone have been studied. FTIR and GC/MS were applied to analyze the reaction solution at various time. After ozone passes through isoprenol, new observed vibrational absorptions in IR spectrum contained C=O, and C-O functional groups. GC/MS revealed 5 new peaks, with corresponding m/z were 58, 70, 88, 68, and 68. Combined with the fragment analysis of new observed peaks of GC/MS spectrum, confirmed products included acetone, butenone, 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. The reaction mechanism between ozone and isoprenol is that O3 attacks the C=C double bond of isoprenol and form primary ozonide, which was then break to form smaller Criegee Intermediate and 4-hydroxy-2-butanone. The product of acetone may due to the small amount impurity of prenol with ozone. Another observed product of butenone which was not derived from the proposed mechanism, therefore different reaction mechanism may be involved.

Key Words: VOC, isoprenol, ozone