While taking a backseat to the health crisis over the last few months, climate change increasingly shapes our daily experience. Wildfires, droughts, hurricanes and pollution are now everyday occurrences. Yet, in the face of this worsening crisis, we are witnessing the rise of a new generation of innovatorsAn IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty.Climate models project robust differences in regional climate characteristics between present-day and global warming of 1.5°C, and between 1.5°C and 2°C. These differences include increases in: mean temperature in most land and ocean regions (high confidence), hot extremes in most inhabited regions.........

This research work was carried out to ascertain the distribution of angiosperm habits in the affirmed landmass of Federal College of forestry, Jos. Point were generated systematically with global positioning system (GPS) the model used was QGIS. 50 plots of 10m X 10m plot size were established for the counting of woody plant species. Each plot size has a distance of 50 meters from the next plot size. While 1m X1m quadrat size was thrown randomly to estimate the numbers of grasses and herbs. Soft-ware' R-Statistics(version 3.2.3, R development core team 2015) was used to determine significant differences across various spermatophytic species. Shannon wiener index was used to calculate species diversity. Species cumulative curve shows continues extension as sample plot increase........

Keywords - Plant diversity, plant habits, spermatophytic floral, landmass, Federal College of Forestry, Jos.

Phytotoxicity is one of the most important criteria for evaluating the suitability and maturity of compost foragricultural purposes and to avoid environmental risks before these composts can be recycled back toagricultural land. Application on soil of no stabilized organic materials could affect both crops and theenvironment because of the presence of phyto-toxic compounds. This work is aimed at evaluating the phyto toxicity of three agro-waste compost on the seeds of tomatoes, maize, millet, soya bean and cucumber for seven weeks with the objectives of ascertaining the degree of suitability and maturity of the compost through germination index analysis. Standard methods were used. The results reveal an increase in the germination index(GI) from the start up to the seventh week. These increase has shown that the composts are suitable and mature for agricultural purposes.

Keywords - Germination index, Compost, Phyto-toxicity

Summary: Law on relevance between relations of production and the characteristics and level of development in productive forces is one of the fundamental law of historical materialism specifically and Marxism theory generally. This law is the basis of establishment and transformation of every ownership and economic sector which regulates and manipulates socioeconomic behaviours. The fact that economic growth depends mainly on the perception, manipulation and relationship management between these two aspects is the deciding factor of our Party in the new era.

Key words: Communist Party of Vietnam; productive forces; relations of production; socioeconomics.

This research dwells on the construction and performance evaluation of mixed-mode solar dryer for Tomato Slices at Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil. A mixed-mode solar dryer utilizes direct solar radiation from the sun as well as inputs heat from the solar collector inlet which is directly connected to the dryers and at the same time the drying cabinet absorbs solar energy directly through the transparent glass. The results obtained during the test period revealed that the temperature inside all the dryers was much higher than the ambient temperature during most hours of the day-light. However, the temperature risen up inside the drying cabinet was up to 63.1°C with one inlet and also 68.8°C with two inlets occurred within the hour immediately after 12.00 noon. The capacity of the dryer is 0.2kg of products per tray while the inlet temperature is identified to play a crucial role in the solar dryer performance.

Keywords - tomato slices, solar energy, dryer, mixed mode, performance evaluation.

For hospitalized children, stress is a constant. Studies in the last two decades has shown that hospital norms, medical protocols and situational cues stress children'slives and delays their health restoration. The aim of this studyis to explore the behavioural responses of children in hospital wards without intervention measures in northern Nigeria. Features and attributes in the ward that can sustain children;s interest, physically, socially and cognitively are lacking. This study methodological approach uses observation and judgemental scalequestionnaire on how illness and hospitalization define children's behaviour in relation to their healthcare settings. The study was conducted at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching hospital Bauchi Nigeria. A total of 12 children were observed for 2 weeks and 15 nurses..........

Keywords - Children, Hospitalization, Hospital norms, Medical protocols, Situational cues, Health restoration.

Adobe buildings when exposed to the elements of weather underperform due to mechanical properties deficiency. Hence, this study examines the mechanical properties of adobe stabilized with cow dung &Gamba-straw with a view to improving its mechanical properties. Experiments were conducted to examine the permeability properties of the constituents' of adobe, Cow-dung and Gamba-straw. Afterwards, 3 samples of adobe stabilized with cow-dung, cow-dung &Gamba-straw, and Gamba-straw were respectively moulded; each sample contains 4 cubes. The cubes were subjected to compressive and flexural strengths in accordance with EN 196-1 and ASTM C-305(1, 41) standards. Result shows that the constituents of adobe, Cow-dung, and Gamba-straw possessed properties that can effectively enhanced plasticity, reduced permeability, increased compressive & flexural strengths, and ensures environmental friendliness............

Keywords - Adobe, cow-dung, Gamba-straw, mechanical properties, stabilization, traditional materials.

This paper proposes a new meta-heuristic search algorithm, called Bat Algorithm (BA). Bat algorithm is an optimization technique motivated by the echolocation behavior of natural bats in finding their foods. The new algorithm is implemented to solve Environmental/Economic power Dispatch (EED) problem in power systems considering the transmission loss. The EED problem can be solved by summing up the minimization of generation cost and emission by considering weighting factor. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been tested on the standard IEEE 30-bus power system with six-generating units with and without wind power. The results obtained were compared with other methods reported in recent literature.

Keywords - Economic dispatch, emission dispatch, environmental economic dispatch, bat algorithm, wind power.

Over the last decades, construction firms in Nigeria and globally have been forced to re-think its operations and reconsider its human capital, as thedrive towards project delivery is greatly dependent on the cohesive power of the human capital as well as the smart application of Information and communication systems. This research seeks to assess the prospects of Collaborative Knowledge Management (CKM) of construction firmin a knowledge-based economy, with the view to encouraging its application. The research is an investigative study, in which a quantitative research method was used. A purposive sampling techniquethat considered large building construction firms and captured in its management structure, the responsibilities of the key knowledge professionals at unit and departmental levels was used. These knowledge professionals were identified as Architects, Quantity Surveyors.........

Keywords - Collaboration, Knowledge Management (KM), Construction, Web-Based Tool, Firms

Phytotoxicity is one of the most important criteria for evaluating the suitability and maturity of compost foragricultural purposes and to avoid environmental risks before these composts can be recycled back toagricultural land. Application on soil of no stabilized organic materials could affect both crops and theenvironment because of the presence of phyto-toxic compounds. This work is aimed at evaluating the phyto toxicity of three agro-waste compost on the seeds of tomatoes, maize, millet, soya bean and cucumber for seven weeks with the objectives of ascertaining the degree of suitability and maturity of the compost through germination index analysis. Standard methods were used. The results reveal an increase in the germination index(GI) from the start up to the seventh week. These increase has shown that the composts are suitable and mature for agricultural purposes.

Keywords - Germination index, Compost, Phyto-toxicity

With the deepening understanding of the novel coronavirus, we found that Traditional Chinese medicine may be very useful for the treatment of this virus. So we the related patent application and authorization are analyzed, and is about 2020 field of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of COVID - 19 sense of patent analysis, this article is mainly to China on the basis of analysis on the authorization of patent application, respectively from the characteristics of patent and several other aspects of the narrative, let us work together, hope can help in the fight against COVID - 19 practices and research provides a good reference, boost the epidemic prevention and control.

Keywords - Traditional Chinese medicine; Coronavirus; COVID - 19; Patent; Analysis

This study assessed the potential of information communication technologies (ICTs) in contributing to research and development by looking into the effectiveness of radios, television sets, mobile phones and the internet and in the dissemination of the outcome of researches. Effectiveness is measured in terms of accessibility, timeliness as well as relevance. Specifically, the study determined the relationship between industries' socio-economic characteristics and access to information through ICTs. It further described the complementarities between ICTs in the enhancing improvements observed of the quality of information available to small and medium enterprise (SMEs). Lastly, the research established the researchers' perception of the effectiveness of ICTs in the dissemination of research findings.

Keywords - Information Communication Technology, instrument development, infrastructure, entrepreneurs, SME, tertiary institution.

The use of steel structures has been increasing rapidly in recent years. This is due to the high strength and ductility of the steel. This makes steel stand out compared to concrete for earthquake resistant building design.The seismic performance of a multi-story steel frame structure is analyzed according to the provision of current Turkish Eartquake Code (DBYBHY 2018). Few guidelines like Applied Technology Council (ATC40) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA356) have used. Steel bracing is very useful for increasing the shear capacity of the structure. The use of steel brace is one of the most common methods to increase the earthquake resistance of buildings. In steel structures, the steel brace arrangement is arranged in two ways, concentric and eccentric. There are few possibilities to arrange steel bracings such as X, V, Diagonal, K (Concentric bracings) and some eccentric bracings as well........

Keywords - Static Pushover Analysis, Steel Structures Sistems, Eearthquake Loads, Braced Steel Structures.

The twenty first century is synonymous with proliferation of telecommunication boom whereby mobile phone has become an indispensible social capital by which economy thrives. Recently, mobile phone has altered rural livelihood choices. Arising from this background, this study examined how the advent of mobile phone has created new livelihood choices and enhanced rural livelihoods with the intent of ameliorating poverty scourge. Specifically, this study examined the socio-economic characteristics of the Respondents, identified the factors that influence the choice of livelihood activities among rural dwellers, assessed the relevance of mobile phone usage on livelihood related activities and assessed the severity of constraints encountered by the respondents in usage of mobile phone for their livelihood related activities.........

Keywords - Mobile Phone, Rural Livelihood, Poverty, Livelihood Choices, Poverty Alleviation, Evaluation.

This paper shows the effect of water table on soil bearing capacity and settlement of footing. The effect of water table on base soil properties (shear strength, unit weight) described in this article. Due to lose of shear strength and unit weight of base soil, shear failure occurred and consequence the foundation will be settled. In this article calculation of bearing capacity of soil, types of settlements which may occurred and their calculation are stated. To perform satisfactorily, shallow foundations must have two main characteristics (I) They have to be safe against overall shear failure in the soil that supports them (II) They cannot undergo excessive displacement, or settlement. Settlement calculation is an important part for the designing of shallow foundations resting on granular are clays soils. Rise of ground water table is believed to increase the settlement significantly and had been a topic of research for many years. Since then, various researchers proposed correction factors to account for the additional settlement due to water table fluctuation. The correction factor due to water table for settlement and the used of reduction factors and methods for soil ultimate bearing capacity calculation are given in this paper.

Keywords - Bearing capacity, effect of water table, settlement, adaptation due to water table.

This study evaluated the nutrients composition and aflatoxin contents of three varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea;) locally cultivated in Sokoto state Nigeria using standard methods. The samples were collected from different markets within Sokoto state, dried at room temperature and homogenized using a blender. They were then stored in an air tight container until analysis. Nutrient composition determination was carried out on the samples according to Association of Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2005) methods. Moisture content was observed to be low for all the three samples at 4.0-4-4%. Ash content was 1.50-2.03%, fat was 15.77-23.01%, carbohydrate was 50.72- 56.69%, energy was 470.90-499.32 kca and 2.92- 3.07% was the fibre content. Aflatoxin content using ELISA method was carried out. All the varieties analyzed showed an aflatoxin activities between 2.73 and 3.5ppb..........

Keywords - Groundnut, PEM, nutrient, Aflatoxin.

In the present work, a didactic application is required and implemented to approach the study of the analysis of a crank-slider mechanism's position and velocity. It is based on the mathematical analysis of the closed-loop equation and the vector analysis of the mechanism's velocities. A graphical interface is implemented in the MATLAB GUIDE visual platform. The results are displayed numerically and graphically of the positions' values and angular velocities of the crank-slider mechanism. The program can be a powerful tool in learning mechanism analysis for mechanical engineering students.

Keywords - slider-crank mechanism, analysis velocity and position, closed-loop