Optical packet switching enables the transfer of packet signals in the optical domain on a packet-by-packet basis. In conventional electronic routers, all input optical packets are converted into electrical signals that are subsequently stored in a memory. Optical packet switching is promising to offer large capacity and data transparency. However, after many years of research, this technology has not yet been applied in actual products, because of the lack of deep and fast optical memories and the poor level of integration. It will be overcome not only through technical breakthroughs but also through clever network design, making optimal use of optics and electronics. Developments in OPS seem to lead integration of optical and electronic networks and the use of optical burst switching (OBS).

Keywords - Optical Packet Switching (OPS), Optical Burst Switching (OBS),UPDS.

The effects of surfactants (CTAB, SDS, Triton X100 and Pluronic® F127) on the structure and performance of nitric oxide (NO) solid sensor are reported. Surfactants decreases the fragility of the solid sensors, specially CTAB and Triton. The drying time was optimized to 30 min. The most intense EPR signals were obtained with the surfactants Triton, SDS and CTAB at a concentration of 12 mM and F127, 4,6 mM. The signal-to-noise ratio improves significantly with the use of surfactants. The NO diffusion was estimated in a qualitative way through the NO trapping time, the best performance was obtained using F127 and SDS. Signal saturation occurred after 10 min. The highest mobility of the NO-Fe2+-DETC complex was found in the SDS and F127 sensors evidenced by line shape analysis. For the solid-state sensor the detection limit without any surfactant was 10 μM, whereas using F127, 2μM.

Keywords - Nitric Oxide, Sol-gel, EPR,Sensor,Surfactants.

The inactivation of Salmonella senftenberg 775 W (108 cfu ml -1) inoculated in liquid whole egg (LWE) under combinations of pressure (200, 300, 400 and 500 MPa) and time (5 min x 1 pulse, 5 min x 2 pulses, 10 min x 1 pulse, 5 min x 3 pulses and 15 min x 1 pulse) at environmental temperature was studied. The inactivation rate was dependent on time and pressure being minimal at 200 MPa and 25 ºC for 20 min (< 1 Log reduction) and reaching total inactivation after a treatment of 500 MPa for 20 min. Treatment in pulses (5 min x 2 pulses and 5 min x 3 pulses) showed greater effectiveness than single-pulsed treatments (5 min x 1 pulse, 10 min x 1 pulse and 15 min x 1 pulse) comprising the same total time..........

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With the aim of improving certain growth and quality characteristics of Crassula Ovata plants, an experiment was conducted at CREA-OF in Pescia (PT), where conventional cultivation substrates were compared with substrates added with chabazitic-zeolitites. The result of the use of zeolites added to the growing medium was a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves, total plant weight, number of new shoots and stem diameter. It is clear that chabazite can increase plant growth, probably due to an increased supply of water and nutrients. In addition, zeolite-treated plants showed greater resistance to cold, which was also demonstrated by the use of the spectrocolorimeter, which showed significant differences in parameters L*, a*, b*, ΔE*...........

Keywords - chabazite, plant protection, plant stress, succulent plants, cold stress, abiotic stress, inorganic amendment, alternative substrate.

Societies and community values play an important role in establishing the identities of people living in society at all times and everywhere. Therefore, the differences in society are determined first. People in traditional societies are living with family and local cultures. As a result, any change affecting the societies in traditional countries is not accepted by the public. However, the situation is different in developing countries. Inthe 21st century, social media was growing in all countries as a supporting tool for the process of globalization. Technological developments have caused great changes in people's lives. Initially,the internet had been reflected as a positive support to the world, but through time it has become evident that some people and organizations started to abuse the newly found technology negatively for manipulating thoughts, lifestyles, cultures, religious beliefs and country status..........

Keywords - Evolutions, identity, modernity, religious, society, social media, technology.

This work deals with the global characterization of the seismic signal from the accelerations of the ground. It consists in solving the differential equation of the movement and construct of the graph according to the respective periods by using the maximums of the response. We use the method which combine the Duhamel integral and the linear interpolation of the seismic signal. Linear behavior of an oscillator has been studied. The results obtained by our approach are less than those obtained by PS_Duhamel's Software except the first. The developed algorithm allows automatic transformation of all seismic signals to response spectrum.

Keywords - Damping, Simple oscillator, Seismic signal, Spectrum of response, linear behavior.

In Telecommunication Industry, the customer data are kept in structured data base. Customer behavior is extracted from this customer database. Customer behavior reveals two types of customers: customer who is about to move out to the new competitors and customer who is loyal. The data mining algorithms are based on past data for predicting churn cases. This improving Customer Churn Prediction Using Hybrid Techniques does not reject the historical data but adds the real data for improvement. By this new technique in Mobile Industry we monitor, in real time, customers' behaviors and perform satisfactorily, and it is effective to detect for predicting the Mobile industry customer churn..........

Keywords - ETL, Call Data Record, K-nearest neighbor, Data mining, Decision tree.

In a recent trend for controlling of most of the industrial loads is mainly based on semiconductor devices which cause such loads to be more sensitive against power system disturbances. Thus, the power quality problems have gained more interest recently. This paper presents a review of some of the disturbances, on the source side that may cause problems on the load side. The focus is given on problems associated with voltage dips as voltage dips have been reported to be the most severe problems to industrial loads...........

Keywords - Power quality, Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, UPFC, SVC, STATCOM.