In this paper, the fractional SIR model and fractional stochastic SIR model are given. The relationship between them is obtained by using a probability generating function. The maximum likelihood estimation of the fractional stochastic SIR model and the parameter estimation results of the MCWM algorithm are given. Finally, the parameter estimation results of the fractional stochastic SIR model and integer stochastic SIR model were compared by using British boarding school influenza data and Hong Kong SARS data, results show that the order of fractionalstochastic SIR model value within a certain range, the fitting effect of the original data is better than integerstochastic SIR model, and the parameter estimation error is smaller.

KEYWORDS: Fractional stochastic SIR model, Markov Chain, Maximum likelihood estimation, MCWM algorithm.

Extruded polystyrene (XPS) otherwise known as a thermoplastic polymer has a closed cell structure and is often stronger, with a higher mechanical performance. XPS is a pressed material and is sold in different thicknesses ranging from 2 cm to 10 cm, thus having a weight that varies from 28 to 45 kg/m3 due to the force and pressure exerted on it. In general, XPS material has very low thermal conductivity and is resistant to bending. This material obtains typical values of thermal conductivity between 0.025 and 0.040 W/m∙K., which means that it is ideal for surfaces that have to withstand weight, continuous traffic, etc. It is also resistant to moisture absorption and has a homogeneous.....

KEYWORDS: Extruded polystyrene, building thermal insulation, testing, XPS; EPS; comparison

Public facilities/buildings seem to favour only the able persons as manifested in communal facilities like schools, hospitals, and banks among others According to the Commission for Architecture and Built Environment. In institutions, the public facilities such as faculty buildings fail to be friendly to every user of the building especially in terms of accessibility. Hence, there is need to include everybody in the design of faculty buildings and other public buildings/facilities. This is because most of the design provides facilities for only the able people, as if there is no tendency to have a disabled person in the institutions.........

Keywords: Universal, Design, Disability, Accessibility

Half-cell potential measurements are quick, low-cost, and virtually non-destructive techniques to assess the corrosion risk of steel reinforcement in concrete. This study presents a practical application of CORMAP II half-cell potential measurements on existing reinforced concrete (RCC) blocks of the drainage gallery of the power station. The blocks show no signs of deterioration on the concrete surface. Temperature, reference electrode type, and pre-wetting period are some variables that affect the measured values of the half-cell potential. On the equipotential contour map, however, the negative potential area is related to localized corrosion. The numerical criteria disagree with the corrosion condition of steels. Therefore, even if there are no visible indicators of corrosion-related deterioration on the concrete surface, the equipotential contour map is a more reliable technique for detecting localized corrosion than the numerical criterion.

A hybrid......