volume 6 ~ issue 2

Bankura district is one of the backward districts of West Bengal in respect of sanitation. Here this article mainly dealing with the block wise sanitation status of Bankura district. Here, a sharp difference is found in development of sanitation among the blocks of Bankura. To find out the level of development in sanitation, Simple Composite Index (SCI) method has been employed and on the basis of this a zonation map has been prepared. The highest SCI value has found in Kotulpur block (5.03) and the lowest value has found in Ranibandh block (1.75).These values indicating the clear differences of sanitation coverage among the blocks. Out of 22 blocks 13 blocks have been identified as poor in respect of sanitation coverage............

Keywords - JE, MNB, S.C.I, CLTS, SLWM

This article demonstrates some practical skills in programming with GMP and MPFR big number libraries according to the traits of big numbers and C/C++ programming conventions. It points out that, the conditional expressions, the incremental treatment, the loops together with their stops, and the pointer arguments are critical issues in C/C++ programming with the big number libraries. By exhibiting certain guidance and demonstration, the article summarizes a framework to the program that treats big number computations and presents a sample as well as numerical experiments to factorize big odd composite number.

Keywords - Big number computation, GMP library, C/C++ programming, Integer factorization..

The aim of the present study was to establish integrity of pressurized vessel belonging to Shell Petroleum Development Company in Nigeria that experienced severe external corrosion. Fitness for service methodology according to API 579 using Level 1 and 2 was employed in the analysis of the ageing pressure vessel and the result of the evaluation indicated the external localized corrosion defect was within an acceptable boundary which implied the pressurized vessel was fit to continue in operation and still have 40 years remaining life based on the evaluated external corrosion defect present. .

Keywords -Corrosion, Fitness for service, Pressure vessel.

Sourcing cheap adsorbents for the treatment of waste water is imperative for local environments. The adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from aqueous solution onto bamboo activated carbon prepared by chemical activation with ZnCl2 was investigated. The unwashed chemical activated bamboo carbon (UCABC) achieved up to 87.81% and 96.45% removal of Cd and Pb at pH-5 and 11, respectively. Removal equilibrium was attained within 1hr and 2.5hrs for Cd and Pb, respectively. The Cd and Pb adsorption increased with adsorbent dosage decrease while removal rate (%) increased with Cd and Pb concentration. Adsorption isotherm of Cd and Pb onto UCABC was determined and correlated..........

Keywords -Adsorbents, Bamboo activated carbon, Adsorption, Isotherms, Kinetics.

Aim of the study: Evaluation of influence of the corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) on concentrations of selected cytokines and metalloproteinase 2 in a tear film. Prospective study with a control group. Methods: 31 eyes of 31 patients, with confirmed KC, were qualified into the study and underwent a collagen cross linking procedure. Samples of tear film (100μl) were collected after 6 weeks from the procedure using spongostan sticks. After centrifugation, the acquired material was tested using high sensitivity ELISA...........

Keywords - .............

The vibrations have negative impact in the processing process by chip removal because they damage the quality of the processed surface, accelerate the cutting tool and machine wear; they can also lead to the cutting tool destruction or the parts of the machine and reduce the productivity of the cutting process.

Keywords - Vibrations, turning, machine, cutting tool etc.

Meningococcal serogroup W-135 (MenW-135) has turned out to be the reason for recent outbreak of meningitis in the sub-Saharan regions of Africa including Cameroon, Chad, Gambia, Burkina Faso, and other countries. The capsular polysaccharide (PS) of Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, X, Y, and W-135 are excellent vaccine targets against meningitis caused by this bacterium. This study promotes a novel feed solution including amino acids, vitamins, and glucose along with an optimal fermentation medium; and feeding strategy to cultivate high yield polysaccharide at harvest level...........

Keywords - Neisseria meningitidis W-135, Capsular polysaccharide, Glucose feed, Fed-batch cultivation, Fermentation parameters

Since the 1980s of the 19th century, in "Dialectics of Nature" works, Friedrich Engels wrote: "we should not be too proud of our successes against the natural world. Because every time we achieve a success, the natural world will revenge us". So far Friedrich Engels's warning have still had practical value for the protection of rural environment in Vietnam.

Keywords - Environment, Marxism, Protection, Rural, Vietnam

The paper is focused on the stiffness analysis of the longitudinal arm of single-axle suspension on elasto-kinematic behaviour of the vehicle axle which is highly important when considering the handling characteristics related tovehicle safety.The elasto-kinematic behaviour of the axle determines the course of the geometrical parameters of wheel suspension, the toe angle and camber as the function of wheel movement during force loading. This paper presents the complex MBS (Multi-Body Simulation)model of the wheel suspension with nonlinear characteristics of rubber-metal bushings. The model also comprises force elements such as springs, shock absorbers, stops and the transverse stabilizer.............

Keywords - Wheel axle;flexible arm;nonlinear simulation model;single-axle suspension;wheel geometrical parameters

Production of methane CH4 from a mixture gas of carbon dioxide CO2 and hydrogen H2 has been established by two types of pulse discharges. One is an axial discharge with a use of thin pair Ni wire electrodes separated by a narrow gap, and the other is a coaxially radial discharge with a use of inner rod and outer tube electrodes made of stainless steel (SUS). The former provides an intense gap discharge, while the latter provides a gentle discharge in the annular region. Decomposition of CO2 is enhanced in the former case when Ni (nickel) mesh disc electrode is placed behind the gap. Ni is known as catalysis..............

Keywords - Carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen plasma, pulse discharge, Ni catalysis, 2C hydrocarbons.

The effect of using nanosized[4],[5] pozzolanic materials [1], [12], 14] like Fly ash(FA) [3], Metakeolin (MK) [8],Silica fume(SF)[6],Rise husk ash(RHA)[14],Ground granulated blust furnace slag (GGBFS)[2] etc. as partial replacement with dry weight of Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) to enhance the strength, durability, workability of concrete. The test results of fresh and the hardened properties of Self compacting concrete (SCC)[8],[19] incorporating pozzolanic materials at various percentage by fixing the Water to Binder (i.e. powder)ratio(w/b) of 0.45. The effects of pozzolanic materials properties of SCC were investigated..............

Keywords - Notes: SCC, Discrete Models, Nanomaterials, Pozzolanic Material, OPC, w/b ratio etc.

The high volatility in fuel prices in the recent past, resulting turbulence in energy markets and the increase of the GHG has compelled many countries to look for alternate sources of energy, for both economic and environmental reasons. With growing public awareness about sanitation, and with increasing pressure on the government and urban local bodies to manage waste more efficiently, the Indian waste to energy sector is poised to grow at a rapid pace in the years to come. The dual pressing needs of waste management and reliable renewable energy source are creating attractive opportunities for investors and project developers in the waste to energy sector.

Keywords - .............

A distribution transformer is one of major electrical equipment that links the power utility and power consumers. It is what enables the power utility to supply electricity to consumers. In recent time, there has been an upsurge of distribution transformers premature failure before reaching the desired and designed service life. Consequently, the power utility has been incurring huge economical losses in replacing the faulty transformers or repairing them. On the other hand, failure of transformer inconveniencies power end users by interrupting the power supplies for prolonged period of time before the faulty transformer is replaced...............

Keywords - Concrete poles, Distribution transformers, earthing wire, Fuses grading, Harmonics

The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Ajali Sandstone successions in Igbere area, Afikpo Basin were studied in order to determine plaeoenvironmental setting and source model of the deposits. The studied deposits consist of five lithofacies namely: pebbly sandstone facies, cross-bedded, laminated, bioturbated sandstone facies and mudstone facies. Paleoenvironmental interpretation based on facies associations and sedimentary structures revealed tide-influenced fluvial deposits, while inferences from bivariate plots of calculated univariate parameters indicated fluvial deposits...............

Keywords - Paleoenvironment, Facie, Provenance, Maturity, Polycyclic, Source Model.

This study aims to determine the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for posterior-anterior lumbar and profile lumbar examinations in order to optimize the entrance dose (De) and the dose area product (DAP) of patient in Abidjan. A total of 240 patients undergoing conventional radiology in four hospitals of the city were considered. The device used to measure De and DAP values is a DAP-meter, model Diamentor M4 KDK and of type 11017. The DRLs in terms of De and DAP values were determined by applying the 75th percentile method. These values were compared to DRLs values obtained in other countries and to those recommended by international institutions. The values of De measured are encouraging, however for the DAP; many efforts are needed to be made to reduce the DRLs values

Keywords - Conventional radiology, DAP-meter, De, DAP, DRLs

This paper considers a queue, consisting of a Poisson input stream and a server. The server is subject to breakdowns. The times to failure of the server follows exponential distribution. The failed server requires repair at a facility, which has an unreliable repair crew. The repair times of the failed server follows exponential distribution, but the repair crew also subjects to breakdown when it is repairing. The times to failure of the repair crew is also assumed to be exponentially distributed. This paper obtains the steady-state performance of the queuewith server breakdowns and interrupted repairs.

Keywords - Breakdown, interrupted repair, performance, queue

This paper considers a redundant system which consists of two parallel active components. The time-to-failure and the time-to-repair of the components follow an exponential and a general distribution, respectively. The repairs of failed components are randomly interrupted. The time-to-interrupt is taken from an exponentially distributed random variable and the interrupt times are generally distributed. We obtain the availability for the system.

Keywords - Active component, availability, parallel system, redundancy

A five-year retrospective and one-year prospective studies of gastrointestinal (GIT) helminths was carried out in humans and dogs in Makurdi, Nigeria. Data from 534 individuals presented at the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) and 103 faecal samples from dogs at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), University of Agriculture, Makurdi from 2007 to 2014 were used. The overall prevalence of zoonotic GIT helminths in humans was 76.21% (407/534) and 56.31% (58/103) in dogs. The differences in the prevalences in humans based on sex,ethnicity and age were not statistically significant (χ2, P< 0.05). However, the test of individual factor (coefficient) on GIT helminthes in humans showed.............

Keywords - Prevalence, Helminths, Risk factors, Makurdi.

Nonstop forwarding is designed to minimize packet loss when a management system fails to function. A system with non-stop forwarding can continue to forward some packets even in the event of a processor failure. We consider a Geo/Geo/1 N-limited nonstop forwarding queue. In the queueing system, when the server breaks down, up to customers can be serviced during the repair time.The delay distribution of customers is given by matrix geometric analysis..

Keywords - Delay, Geo/Geo/1 queue, N-limited, nonstop forwarding

There are many applications in which gas turbine engine is used today, including aircraft propulsion for both commercial and military purposes, and power generation and in all these Control systems technology has played a fundamental role in enhancing performance. Modelling plays a significant role in the development of the entire engine system performance. This paper investigated Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) model-based control method to obtain estimates of performance parameters. The main control variable selected is the fuel flow to control the rotational speed of high-pressure spool speed of the turbofan engine. Firstly a suitable mathematical model of the engine is developed in MATLAB Simulink environment with both the intercomponent volume and the constant mass flow methods used................

Keywords -Control System Design, Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Modelling and Simulation, Transient Performance, Turbofan Engine.