volume 5 ~ issue 5

In this study a novel method of direct conversion of brass (CuZn30) and steel (S355JR) chips into finished product without melting is introduced as an alternative to melting process. CuZn30 Brass and S355JR steel chips were used as constituents of composite materials. The chips were cold pressed at room temperature and were subjected to liquid phase sinterization. Hardness, compression and three point bending tests were used to investigate the mechanical properties of the obtained composite materials and compared with cast CuZn30 brass. The produced composite materials are shown to have comparable mechanical properties with bulk brass. It is also shown that the proposed method can be considered as an alternative to conventional production methods such as melting, extrusion ect. with relatively low costs.

Keywords -Recycling, Sintered brass-steel chips, Metallic composites.

Geophysical survey involving very low frequency electromagnetic technique was applied to investigate possible geologic features like fractured / conductive zones in Auchi and its environs in Edo state, Southwestern Nigeria. The study area is located within latitudes 7o05' N.to 7o10'N. and longitudes 6o11'E to 6o22'E The geologic Formations outcroping in the area are mainly Ajali and Nsukka. Three profiles were taken along the roads from Auchi to Igara, Auchi to Fugar and Auchi to Uloke using Abem Wadi Terrameter. Plots of the profiles were carried out using computer software (Excel) and contouring using Surfer 10 to delineate the fractured/conductive zones. The values range from 0.3 to 22.5 Siemens. Areas of low conductivity values indicate highly massive resistive rocks while Areas of high conductivity indicates the sedimentary terrain/ host rock or mineralized zones. The area is sparsely (few) fractured. Along profile A, two fractured zones were identified with conductivity values of 7.6 to16.8 Siemens between 100m(7.146oN,6.195oE) to 400m (7.150oN, 6.200oE) and 420m to 460m with conductivity value range of 11.0 to 22.5 Siemens. For profile B, one fractured zone was identified and a stretch of massive intrusive from 7.099oN and 7.102oN and 6.357oE to 6.364oE, with conductivity range of 0.9 – 5.2 Siemens at points 400m and 520m – 1000m. Profile C has identifiable fractured zones at 900m – 1100m with conductivity of (35 – 50) Siemens. The intrusive/ host rock conductivity values of (0.3 – 8.7) Siemens located at 380m to 880m 7.156oN and 6.308oE, 1100m to 2000m, 7.148oN and 6.3295oE. A total of five conductive zones were observed.

Keywords -electromagnetic, very low frequency, fracture, conductivity, intrusive, host rock.

Storage tanks in metallic or plastic forms are meant for storing water or other liquid substances for use either in industrial or domestic applications. This work looks into where failure occurs in metallic storage tanks, how there occur and why they occur. This study was important in other to proffer solutions and recommendations to the causes of failure recorded. The area of study was in Kaduna State, Nigeria, where four storage tanks were examined. The major causes of failure recorded were failure due to corrosion, failure due to malfunction of part, failure due to wrong construction methods among others. With corrosion of parts ranking highest on failure types, it was recommended that anti- corrosive materials like aluminum or stainless steel should be used for constructing storage tanks and their supports and when using mild steel materials it should be well protected using red oxide paint or hydrophobic polyester coatings

Keywords -Corrosion, failure red-oxide, stainless steel

Rivers are important resources that play the role of life sustenance in nature by providing environmental, cultural and economic benefits including municipal water use, irrigation, hydropower, navigation, fishing and recreation. Since they are the corridors connecting terrestrial environment to the ocean realm, they always transport and accumulate sediments. Knowledge and understanding of sediment characteristics, channel processes, process of sediment source and transport in river channels is vital in modeling and managing rivers in terms of how they both transport and impact engineering structures erected on rivers. Although, ongoing research is beginning to fill in some of these gaps through the use of laboratory experiments and mathematical models, this has not been matched by sufficient progress in measuring and quantifying the bifurcation process in natural river channels, very often because natural rivers are far harder to study and the technology required still remains unavailable. When the rate of sediment influx is high along river channels, reservoirs in dams are filled up with sediment which might need dredging to remove the sediments. Also turbine blades of power plants are considerably disturbed as a result of sediment particles deposited on the blades; flow in culverts and around bridge piers are exposed to erosion of the bed thereby exposing the foundation. Problems arising from sediment transport and deposition can be mitigated by selecting suitable cross sections for the measurement of sediment flow rate parameters and removal of the sediment which would lead to the reduction of negative impacts on the river structures.

Keywords -River Sediment, River Channel, Engineering structures, Reservoir Sedimentation, bridge piers.

Web Data Mining is the current field of analysis which is a combination of two research area known as Data Mining and World Wide Web. Web Data Mining research associates with various research diversities like Database, Artificial Intelligence and Information redeem. The mining techniques are categorized into various categories namely Web Content Mining, Web Structure Mining and Web Usage Mining. In this work, analysis of mining techniques are done. From the analysis it has been concluded that Web Content Mining has unstructured or semi- structure view of data whereas Web Structure Mining have linked structure and Web Usage Mining mainly includes interaction.

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Internet connects millions of computers around the world which leads to misuse of resources too by the users and mount attacks against websites. Last year, 16 percent of the global companies were victim of the attack. Among half, websites had been hit, login were attacked in 18 per cent of the cases. One of them are DOS attacks. DENIAL OF SERVICE is a type of attack that originates when you ask server to process your request, so if an attacker flood the server with requests, your request cannot be processed, since server can run certain number of requests at that particular interval of time. In this work various DOS attack methods are discussed and comparison among them is done. As in ping of death small TCP/IP packets but in large number are send wherein, smurf ICMP packets are launched, buffer overflow overloads the data whereas, teardrop overlap packets. Among all these attacks PDOS are exclusive once at they completely destroy system hardware. It has been analyzed and concluded that these attacks are so effective that can either flood your system or cause destructions.

Keywords -Attacks, Denial Of Services.

In the historical cities in Iran, bazaar is the most important socio-spatial complex. Historical bazaars in Iran have always been forming a particular sense of community, unity, and identity. Among all, the Tabriz bazaar is one of Iranian historical bazaars with special importance of creating social solidarity that is chosen as a case study in this article. Therefore, the main research questions are as follows: (1) what specific factors make a bazaar as a center of social structure of the city? (2) How does a bazaar serve its socio-spatial function in the urban life? This research concentrates on the multifunctional structure of the Tabriz bazaar in the historical city of Tabriz to understand the social mechanism of bazaars in the urban life. The results illustrate that bazaar as a backbone in an Iranian city: (1) is a privileged communicational model promoting social interactions in the urban life and became the main core of spatial coherence of the city; and (2) as a multifunctional organization it has always been involved with different political, religious, and civic aspects along with its economic role in different historical periods.

Keywords -Bazaar; Social interactions; Historical city; Tabriz

This study aims to assess serial and transverse quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in four rat groups using different doses of a formulation based on the combinations of IFN alpha 2b and gamma. Axial and coronal T1, T2 and Diffusion MRI images have been performed in order to follow up morphological and tissue texture changes in the rat brain, cerebellum, spinal cord and kidney. As a result, no morphological changes have been observed during 28 days in any of the four groups including the placebo. Yet, doses until 15 times were bigger than the therapeutic dose. This MRI studies is robust and complementary evidence that the pharmaceutical formulation mixing in the same vial IFNs alpha2b and gamma is safe. For the first time, results of a longitudinal MRI study in rats based on the effects of this pharmacological combination are reported.

Keywords -toxicology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, rats, doses

The study area lies within latitudes 8°00' – 9°00'N and longitudes 11°30' – 12°30'E. Analysis of remote sensing imageries of part of the Upper Benue Trough of Nigeria was carried out on a scale of 1:100,000. The aim of this study includes the structural interpretation of the remote sensing data and the identification of the lineament and drainage patterns associated with the area to infer the influence of such structures on the economic potential of the basin. Results of the structural analysis revealed numerous lineaments. Trend analysis of the lineaments plotted on a rose diagram using the strikes and lengths of the entire lineaments revealed structural trends predominating in the NE-SW direction. The absence of visible lineaments in parts of the area may not indicate absence of geological structures. Some of these lineaments were found on some drainages showing that the drainages in those areas are structurally and tectonically controlled. The areas where the lineaments cross each other are indicative of groundwater availability and there correspond to regions of mean topographic height of about 900m.

Keywords -Lineaments, Drainage, Groundwater, Rose Diagram, Upper Benue Trough

Through this paper we analyses the application of the central limit theorem to study the Verbal, Apptitude and Reasoning skills of students. The planning of teaching is based on the mathematical knowledge about the theorem. The different meanings of this theorem were analyzed using the history of its development and previous research studies related to this theorem. Results at the end of this work will serve to improve the correct application of different elements of meaning for central limit theorem when solving the selected problem and to prepare new proposals to teach statistics to students. The central limit theorem forms the basis of inferential statistics and it would be difficult to overestimate its importance. In a statistical study, the sample mean is used to estimate the population mean. However, the number of different samples (of a given size) that could be taken is extremely large and these different samples would have different means. Some would be lower than the mean of the population and some would be higher.The central limit theorem states that, for samples of size n from a normal population, the distribution of sample means is normal with a mean equal to the mean of the population and a standard deviation equal to the standard deviation of the population divided by the square root of the sample size. (For suitably large sample sizes, the central limit theorem also applies to populations whose distributions are not normal.)

Keywords -CLT, Population mean, Sample mean, Confidence intervals, Hypothesis.

The motive of any wireless communication system is to reduce BER for the corresponding SNR. Through this OFDM based receiver diversity system we analyze BER for different diversity combining techniques such as EGC, MRC, SC in a rayliegh faded environment. This model serves two benefits: first noise limited system performance is improved by combating ISI through OFDM and second use of diversity combining which helps combat multipath fading. We also try to achieve an optimum trade-off between BER improvement and increase in number of receiver antennas. This is just to make less-complex receiver as it requires only one DFT processor.

Keywords -BER, EGC, MRC, OFDM, Pre-DFT combining, SC, SNR.

Today human-machine interaction is moving away from mouse and pen and is becoming pervasive and much more compatible with the physical world. With each passing day the gap between machines and humans is being reduced with the introduction of new technologies to ease the standard of living. In this paper, a rigorous analysis of different techniques of "Human-Machine Interaction" using gestures has been presented using accelerometer. Gestures can originate from any bodily motion or state but commonly originate from the face or hand. Robotics is the branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing we have implemented a system through which the user can give commands to a wireless robot using gestures. Through this method, the user can control or navigate the robot by using gestures of his/her palm, thereby interacting with the robotic system. The command signals are generated from these gestures using accelerometer sensing [1]. These signals are then passed to the robot to navigate it in the specified directions.

Keywords -Accelerometer, ATMEGA 8 (Microcontroller), Gesture Recognition, L293D (Motor Driver IC), RF Module.

Breast cancer is the second-most driving and normal explanation behind death in view of tumor among one in every ten women. It has become a major health problem in the world over the past 50 years, and it has increased in recent years. Early detection is an effective way to diagnose and manage breast cancer. Mammography is the best and most suitable imaging technique for treatment of cancer at the early stage. The problems in mammography images such as high brightness value, dense tissues......

Keywords -PSO, Digital Mammograms, Image Processing, CAD.

Environmental performance is a hot topic for researchers in management science. It is also one of the major concerns of supply chain leaders. To assess this performance, there are increasingly many management tools. It is then appropriate to wonder the role of these tools in supply chain: are these tools meet real organizational needs? Or they are used to promote supply chain image face institutional constraints increasingly strong.....

Keywords -Environmental performance; Supply chain; Performance evaluation; Environmental indicators; Composite environmental index, Mathematical module

The south foot of hill ranges on north side of West Godavari District is the birth of Yerrakaluva, within few kilometers in down stream, a reservoir constructed near Konguvarigudem. Yerrakaluva ends up at Duvva Village to Yanamadurru drain separated by a weir. Yanamadurru acts as a drain for discharging waste water from the fields and ends by confluence with Upputeru at Naidupalem......

Keywords -Yanamadurru drain, River Goasthani, Yerrakaluva, Veyyuru canal,Kalipatnam canal.

Phishing is an illicit modus operandi employing both societal engineering and technological subterfuge to theft client'sprivate identity data and monetary account credentials. Influence of phishing is pretty radical as it engrosses the menace of identity larceny and financial losses. This paper elucidates the back propagation paradigm to instruct the neural network for phishing forecast......

Keywords -............

The purpose of development Irrigation Association in Taiwan is to service farmers, improve irrigation and drainage facilities and get the most out of the economy for all members. Therefore, this study takes a case of Kaohsiung Irrigation Association as object, and explores the effect on the service quality to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture. The research takes the service quality scale of Kaohsiung Irrigation Association as the questionnaire and applies importance-performance analysis (IPA) to view the demand on service quality. Through 22 factors and 5 phases to analysis the questionnaire by statistical method including difference analysis, independent T test, one-way analysis of variance and correlation analysis......

Keywords -Service quality, IPA, farm Irrigation engineering, questionnaire, expert interview.

High purity BiFeO3 (BFO) powder was synthesized by sol-gel method using bismuth nitrate, iron nitrate as sources and citric acid as fuel. The calcination treatment of the citric acid gel was at 160oC and 200oC for 4 hours respectively. Sintering treatment was varied at 600oC for 4, 6 and 8 hours respectively. The powder has been characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA) to know reference temperatures of calcination and sintering, X Ray Diffraction (XRD) test to confirm BFO phase and Fourier......

Keywords -FTIR spectrum, Sol-Gel, Sintering, Calcination

Heterogeneous catalyst used in the process of improving the oxidative stability of biodiesel is the Pt-Rh-Pd catalyst supported by γ-Al2O3 (γ-alumina). The purpose of this research was to know the effect of sintering and calcination treatment in sol-gel process on the atomic weight ratio of Al/O that could affect the formation of γ-alumina phase as buffer catalyst. Precursors used was Al (NO3)3.9H2O, NH4OH and (C6H8O7) to be dissolved in Aquabidestilate.......

Keywords -catalyst, sol-gel, biodiesel, single phase

Sorting and searching are the most fundamental problems in computer science. Sorting is used for most of the times to help in searching. One of the most well known sorting algorithms that are taught at introductory computer science courses is the classical selection sort. While such an algorithms is easy to explain and grasp at the introductory computer science level, it is far from being an efficient sorting technique, since it requires 𝑶(𝒏𝟐) time to sort a list of n numbers.......

Keywords -Selection sort, complexity analysis, time bounds, O notation.

Earned Value analysis (EVA) is the most efficient tool used for transitional review of project execution .It is helpful to project managers and management team to value the progress of project work throughout the project life cycle. The Earned Schedule (ES) is used to approximate the time or duration of project/ s for appropriate evaluation of project execution. ES also help to forecast the time required to complete the project. When combined with schedule analysis, ES can enhance the project. EVA provides the controlling tool for better decision making in project management.......

Keywords -Earned Value Analysis(EVA), Earned Value Management(EVM), Cost Performance Index(CPI), Scheduled Performance Index(SPI) , Probability distribution.