volume 5 ~ issue 1

This study was conducted on two landfills in Maiduguri, Nigeria to ascertain its impact on groundwater quality. Six shallow wells, three each from a landfill with depth ranged from 40-70m in the basement formation of Chad basin. Six-sampled point at Moduganari and Umarari landfills labeled A1, A2, A3, B1, B2 and B3 at a radial distance of 20m, 50m, 100m, 10m, 25m and 60m respectively from the centre of the landfill. The physiochemical parameters analysed were odour, colour, turbidity and temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total nitrate, nitrite, chloride, calcium and heavy metals such as copper, zinc, iron, Mn, Cr and lead.) and bacteriological are total coli form bacteria and Escherichia coli. The pH ranged from 7.36 to 8.35 indicating alkalinity, which falls within the WHO acceptable limit. The turbidity values were between 0.80 and 5.88NTU, and the temperature ranged from 28.0°C to 30°C. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, nitrite and calcium ranged from 2.0 to 51, 0.25 to 2.03, 0.13 to 1.4 and 30 to 55 mg/l respectively. Out of heavy metals, zinc and iron ranged from 0.002 to 0.08 mg/l, and 0.25 to 0.07mg/l respectively. Lead was not dictated in all the samples. 1.1 to 1.2 mg/l. Manganese and chromium were above WHO standard limit for wells B1 and B3, likewise total caliform bacteria and E- coliform were +4 which indicates human and animal faeces. Groundwater contamination is the function of time, types of waste, topography, soil, underlying geology, surface water ingression and direction of groundwater flow. Closed landfill has the capability of generating certain pollutants than existing landfill.

Keywords -Groundwater, Heavy metals, Landfill and solid waste

The research was conducted on the unconfined aquifer of the Chad basin along the River Ngada in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters were analysed to ascertain the effect of solid and liquid wastes on the groundwater quality. The water samples from the borehole (G1, G2, G3, B1, B2 and B3) with radial distances of 25, 55, 16, 15, 8, and 12m, respectively, away from the River. Parameters determined were the turbidity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), nitrate, nitrite, chloride, calcium and heavy metals like copper, iron, zinc, manganese, chromium and lead using standard laboratory procedures. The pH ranged from 8.05 - 8.97 indicating alkalinity. The turbidity values ranged from 0.00- 2.5 NTU, and the temperature ranged from 29.7°C- 32°C. The concentrations of chloride, nitrate, nitrite and calcium ranged from 2.0 to 51, 0.25 - 2.03, 0.13- 1.4 and 30 - 55 mg/l respectively. Out of heavy metals, zinc and iron ranged from 0.002 - 0.08 mg/l and 0.25 - 0.07mg/l respectively. Lead was not dictated in all the samples. Manganese and chromium were above WHO standard limit for wells B1 and B3, likewise total caliform bacteria and E- coliform were +4 which indicates human and animal faeces., The results showed that the wells G1, G2, G3 and B2 were less polluted, but B1 and B3 requires treatment before use. Proper municipal waste management system should encourage to prevent discharge of solid and liquid wastes to the River

Keywords: Groundwater, Pollution, domestic Wastes and Water quality.

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the influence of Commitment on Behavior Loyalty. Personality Traits was also examined as a moderator variable. Design of this study used survey method with data collection used questionnaire. The study population was all consumer provider operators cellular in Southeast Sulawesi divided by 12 districts / cities which totaled 1.250.255 consumers. ). In this study sample is limited only 5 District / City, where the district will be divided by two regions, namely the archipelago and mainland territories. This study in determining the size of the sample used Slovin formula. The numbers of samples in this study were as many as 204 people. Method of data analysis used in this study was Partial Least Square (PLS). The result of this study showed that Commitment has significant effect on Behavioral Loyalty. The results could prove commitment make a real contribution to the behavior of loyal customers. Personality Trait as moderating the relationship commitment on Behavioral loyalty

Keywords: Commitment, Behavior Loyalty, Personality Trait

This paper presents a back propagation artificial neural network for detection of vertical sub-lines from sub-images of images captured by a mobile robot for the purpose of self-navigation. The network is intended to be part of a system of networks for recognising various kinds of sub-lines, and the results from recognitions at this stage is intended to be further processed to complete a mobile-robot self-navigation system. Back propagation networks are very widely used artificial neural networks. In this work they are used to recognise vertical sub-lines. Recognition of sub-lines has been achieved by analytic means. This paper presents part of the process of investigating the feasibility of replacing some parts, or all of such analytical methods, which can be very resource intensive, with back propagation networks. Data for training and testing of the back propagation network is derived by partitioning pre-processed images into 8 pixel by 8 pixel sized sub-images, and using the individual pixels as input to the network. Training details are presented as well as sample test results.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, artificial neural networks, back propagation network, line detection

One of the most challenging aspects of designing and building an internal combustion engine is determining the thermal effects on the components. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heat expansion in an internal combustion automobile engine. Overheating has catastrophic consequence; allowing the engine to overheat even for a short period of time (minutes) cause the piston and rings to expand to the point that they are too large and tight in the cylinders. When this happens the cylinder damaged beyond repair. The result of these findings reveals that rapid expansion excess overheating, system leakages, wrong coolant, bad thermostat, faulty radiator and the use of dissimilar metals in the combustion chamber

Keywords: Heat, Expansion, Combustion, Automotive Engine

Cooling process is very important to maintain the foods, fish and many items at constant temperature to avoid the effect of viruses. Cooling process employs the different methods to cool the air. But considering the lower application and cost effective the water cooling system is considered for our project. The main aim of our project is to supply the cooled air with the help of water circulation. It consists of Solar panel, Battery, Fan, Water tank and Pump. The present air cooling methods are evaporative coolers, air conditioning, fans and dehumidifiers. But running these products need a source called electricity. The producing of electricity is ultimately responsible for hot and humid conditions i.e. global warming. In hot and humid conditions the need to feel relaxed and comfortable has become one of few needs and for this purpose utilization of systems like air-conditioning and refrigeration has increased rapidly. These systems are most of the time not suitable for villages due to longer power cut durations and high cost of products. Solar power systems being considered as one of the path towards more sustainable energy systems, considering solar-cooling systems in villages would comprise of many attractive features. Despite increasing performance and mandatory energy efficiency requirements, peak electricity demand is growing and there is currently no prevalent solar air cooling technology suited to residential application especially for villages, schools and offices.

Keywords: Cooling, Power Cut Problems, Solar Power Systems, Sustainable Energy Systems, Water Circulation

Bearings are an important part of overall transportation and structural system. Bearings are provided in bridges to transmit the load from the superstructure to the substructure and thereby to soil mass in such a manner that the bearing stresses induced are within permissible limits. It accommodates certain relative movements between the superstructure and the substructure. This paper describes the design of elastomeric pad bearing with loads varying from 300 KN to 1500KN. In this paper shows that rotation (αbimax) and permissible rotation with increasing load decreases and shape factor(S) increases with increasing load of elastomeric pad bearing.

Keywords: Bridge, bearing, elastomeric bearing, elastomeric pad bearing, rotation and shape factor.

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the effect of Job Satisfaction, Integrity and Motivation on Performance. Design of this study used research associative with data collection used questionnaire. The populations of this study are all health workers in the government hospital in the City of Kendari. Numbers of population in this study are 84 health workers in the government Hospital in the City of Kendari. The sampling method used the census method that total sampling took all the members of the population to become members of the sample. Method of Data Analysis used Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this study showed that ; 1) simultaneously, job satisfaction, Integrity and motivation of health workers has significant effect on performance of health workers, 2) job satisfaction have positive and significant impact on the performance of health workers in the government Hospital in the City of Kendari, 3) Integrity have positive and significant impact on the performance of health workers in the government Hospital in the City of Kendari, 4) motivation have positive and significant impact on the performance of health workers in the government Hospital in the City of Kendari.

Keywords: job satisfaction, integrity, motivation, Performance

Page replacement algorithms choose pages to swap out from the memory when a new page needs memory for allocation. A cluster of algorithms have developed for page replacement. Each algorithm has the objective to minimize the number of page faults. With minimum page faults, the performance of the process is increased. In this paper, study and analysis of three algorithms viz. First in First out (FIFO), Least Recently Used (LRU) and Optimal Page Replacement (OPT) is made using C# Visual Studio.net.

Keywords: FIFO, LRU, OPT, page fault, page replacement algorithm