volume 4 ~ issue 1

All over the world, it is increasingly and strongly becoming more and more popular to deploy computer resources, both hardware and software as services via the Internet on the basis of pay-as-you-go. This is termed Cloud Computing. It is widely considered the 21st century technology for the efficient and effective use of information and communication technologies. This paper exposes the composition and architecture of Cloud computing and unravels its potentials benefits and challenges. It also explores ways through which the challenges could be effectively and efficiently handled to encourage more and more IT users to leverage on the services and potentials afforded by the Cloud. As more and more IT users deploy the Cloud, the digital divide among nations of the world will be drastically reduced and the world will truly become a global village.

KEY WORDS: Cloud computing, Internet, Broadband, SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.

Polymers have experienced a remarkable historical development and their use has greatly taxed in our civilization in a matter of decades gradually overtaking the most ancient materials. These polymer materials have always distinguished themselves by their simple formatting and inexpensive, their versatility lightness chemical stability but despite their widespread use both in everyday life and in advanced technologies, these materials are generally still very misunderstood which requires a thorough knowledge of their chemical, physical, rheological and mechanical. In this work we focus on the characterization of an ABS plate under uni axial loading using the unified theory of damage.

KEYWORDS : polymer, breakdown, damage, traction, ABS

The goal of this paper is to bring the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to the lime light. It is intended to educate in plain and simple terms what IoT is all about and its potential to connect everything that exists in the physical world. IoT represents the next evolution of the Internet and has the ability to gather, analyze, and distribute data that we can turn into information, knowledge, and, ultimately, wisdom. In this context, IoT becomes immensely important with a huge potential to close the gap between the poor and the rich, improve distribution of the world's resources to those who need them most, and help us understand our planet so we can be more proactive and less reactive. IoT will be enabled by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies which cuts across many areas of modern day living. Considering the far reaching impact the normal Internet already has on all facets of life including education, communication, business, science, government, and humanity, it will be easily understood what greater impact the IoT will have on humanity when fully implemented

Keywords - IoT, Web 2, Web 3, Cloud Computing, Internet and Communication

It is known from experimental trial and error that certain surfaces outperform others in certain applications, specifically; if the film thickness in a lubricated contact is of the same order as the surface roughness then the surface topography plays an important role in determining the tribological response of a precision finished surface. Various 3D parameters have been defined based on different properties like amplitude properties and spatial properties required for describing the surface. These parameters have been successful in analysing various problems in industrial and research field, related to surface characterization. This data is acquired using stylus based contact methods or interferometry based optical methods. The computation of these parameters require considerable amount of calculations. Therefore a tool is required which can calculate these 3D parameters for various precision finished surfaces. The objectives identified for the current work include processing the surface topography data and converting it into an array of surface heights from the mean plane, developing a hole filling algorithm to fill gaps in the surface data and development of codes in MATLAB for computation of 3-D amplitude, spatial and hybrid parameters.

Keywords -surface, topography, texture, parameters

The dielectric behavior of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 have been carried out at the X-band microwave frequency. The composite material was prepared by using solid state reaction method. The dielectric constant (ε׳), dielectric loss (ε״), quality factor (), relaxation time (τ) and conductivity (σ) of PZT having particle sizes 500, 250,176.5and125 microns have been studied at different temperatures i.e. -100,+100,+300 and +500c. The experimental dielectric values have been verified by using correlation formulae's of Landau-Lifshitz-Looyenga and Bottcher. It founds the good agreement with experimental values.

Keywords -Dielectric properties, pzt, ferroelectric ceramics

Frictional characteristics of the bearing and biomedical surfaces are known to be affected by surface texture. Therefore, detailed surface characterization is very important for predicting the tribological/functional response of the surface. Traditionally, only 2-D roughness parameters, which generally fail to capture the 3-D lay/surface geometrical characteristics, were used. There is a comprehensive set of 14 parameters developed by Dong et al. which capture the spatial and amplitude parameters. The paper deals with development of codes based on their work and characterizing precision and ultra-precision finished surfaces.

Keywords - surface, spatial, texture, topography

Alternative energy is the base of the survival of the humanity on Earth. The purpose of this study is to develop the use of the renewable energies in the world and in Republic of Niger in particular, to be capable of having elementary energy resources sufficient, to fight against the poverty and also continue to protect the environment in a efficient way. The thermal solar energy is one of the most plentiful renewable form of energy in Niger. The construction of a solar boiler to adapt for a use in Niger will allow reducing the expenses in the households. So the improvement of this technology is expected for simplicity of use in Niger.

Keywords - Solar water heater, boiler, Niger Solar hot water, Niger Solar boiler, Solar hot water

In this Paper an On chip High Voltage Generator with bulk CMOS process using Polysilicon Diodes is presented. As the polysilicon diodes are completely isolated from the bulk so the output voltage is not limited by the junction breakdown voltage of CMOS in charge pump circuit. The output voltage of voltage generator realized by this technique is much higher than n well/p well substrate breakdown voltage with standard CMOS process.

Keywords -Breakdown ,Charge pump, CMOS , Polysilicon, Isolated trench, SOI

The physical movement or motion of a rotating machine is normally referred to as vibration. Since the vibration frequency and amplitude cannot be measured by sight or touch, means must be employed to convert the vibration into a usable product that can be measured and analyzed. Electronics, mechanics, and chemical physics are closely related. Therefore, it would logically follow that the conversion of the mechanical vibration into an electronic signal is the best solution. The means of converting the mechanical vibration into an electronic signal is called a transducer. The transducer output is proportionate to how fast the machine is moving (frequency) and how much the machine is moving (amplitude). The frequency describes what is wrong with the machine and the amplitude describes relative severity of the problem. The motion can be harmonic, periodic, and/or random. All harmonic motion is periodic. However, all periodic motion is not harmonic. Random motion means the machine is moving in unpredictable manner. Vibration analysis is one of the best ways for companies with heavy industrial rotating machinery to save money. This paper describes methods so as to reduce vibration. Measurement of vibration is made by using FFT Analyzer.

Keywords -Transducer, Random Motion, Vibration Isolator, FFT Analyzer.

The sugarcane bagasse was chemically modified method, with epichlorohydrin and triethylamine in the presence of ethylenediamine and N,N-dimethylformamide. The characterization of chemically modified sugar cane bagasse was measured by using SEM and FTIR analysis. Batch experiments were conducted to study the adsorption property of phosphate from aqueous solutions. The results of characterization of chemically modified sugar cane validated the increased amine groups in MSB and its maximum sorption capacity Qmax of phosphate was found 1.05 mmol g-1. Based on this study, the thermodynamic parameters like standard Gibb's free energy (ΔG°), standard enthalpy (ΔH°) and standard entropy (ΔS°) were evaluated. Langmuir isotherm was well fitted isotherm in the temperature range studied. The results show that the chemically modified sugar cane bagasse can be efficiently used for the removal of phosphate ion from water as a low cost alternative compared to commercial activated carbon and other adsorbents reported to check the eutrophication.

Keywords - Phosphate ion; Adsorption; Activated sugar cane bagasse; Kinetics; Thermodynamics; Wastewater treatment

In this paper, multiple linear temperature-based regression models were developed to estimate the monthly mean daily global solar radiation on horizontal surfaces using maximum and minimum temperature parameters over a period of twenty one years (1990-2010) for Port-Harcourt, Nigeria (Latitude 04.510N, Longitude 07.010E and Altitude 19.5m above sea level). The values of the estimated global solar radiation by the models and that of the measured were tested using the Mean Bias Error (MBE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Percentage Error (MPE), t-test and the Nash-Sutcliffe equation (NSE) statistical techniques. The values of the correlation coefficient () and coefficient of determination () were also determined for each of the models. Based on the MPE results, good agreement was obtained between the estimated and measured global solar radiation by all the developed models which suggest that the models could be employed in estimating global solar radiation in the study site. The t-test also shows perfect model performance at and confidence level for all the developed models. The equation with the highest values of , and NSE and least value of RMSE which is reported to be recommended is given as The developed model can be used for estimating global solar radiation in Port-Harcourt and other regions with similar climatological information.

Keywords - Global Solar Radiation, Coefficient of determination, Temperature, Developed models and Port-Harcourt.

PURPOSE OF DEDIATION: The purpose of dedication is to make our mind calm and peaceful. If our mind is peaceful, we will be free from worries and mental discomfort and so we will experience true happiness, but if our mind is not peaceful, we will find it very difficult to be happy, even if we are living in the very best conditions.

Effect of soil microflora on metsulfuron methyl was investigated in loamy sand soil under laboratory condition. Metsulfuron methyl was incubated in loamy sand soil over a period of 28 days for carbon transformation and 42 days for nitrogen transformation at concentrations of 0.02 μL and 0.2 μL/kg soil dry weight. Soil nitrate content deviation from the control determined on day 42 after the application of test item treated groups compared to control was 4.0 % and 18.8% for 0.02 and 0.2 μL of metsulfuron methyl/kg soil dry weight, respectively. The difference between control and treatments was statistically significant for both concentrations. The rate of nitrate formation between 28 and 42 days after application of the test item to soil differed from controls by -4.6 % and -19.5 % for 0.02 μL metsulfuron methyl/kg soil dry weight and 0.2 μL metsulfuron methyl/kg soil dry weight, respectively. In soil respiration study at the end of the 28 day study, deviations in respiration rates compared to controls after applying the test item to soil were 2.6% and 6.6% for the test concentrations of 0.02 and 0.2 μL of metsulfuron methyl/kg soil dry weight, respectively

Keywords - Soil microflora, Metsulfuron methyl, Loamy sand, Carbon, Nitrogen, Respiration

BACKGROUND: In soccer anaerobic and aerobic fitness both are equally important. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study were to observe the status of aerobic fitness of district level Indian soccer players and to compare mean difference in two different methods of measuring VO2max. METHOD: In the present study 18 Indian district level soccer players age between 18-25 years were conveniently selected from Birbhum district of West Bengal as subjects. To measure aerobic fitness, two different indirect methods of measuring VO2max were employed; these were Queens College test and 12 minutes Run-Walk test (Cooper Test). The data were analyzed by applying independent t-test to determine the mean difference between two different methods of measuring aerobic fitness. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULT: The mean VO2 max value of Indian district level soccer players in Queens College step test and 12 minutes Run-Walk test were 41.48±4.70 and 51.31±5.17 ml.kg-1min-1 respectively. The t-value between two different methods of measuring aerobic fitness was 5.96 (<0.05). A significant difference between two different methods of measuring aerobic fitness was noted. CONCLUSION: After comparing with the direct method it may be concluded that Queen's College test is more reliable for measuring VO2 max in the field situation.

KEY WORDS: VO2 max, Queens College test, 12 minute Run-Walk test.

Results of experimental study of load bearing capacity and settlement of foundations with different vertical cross-sectional shapes are presented. Load-settlement relationships of three models of shallow foundations with different vertical cross-sectional shapes on three different modeled subsoil conditions were studied. Models of shallow foundations with rectangular, wedge and T shape vertical cross-sections were studied. The study shows that bulk of the load resistance of subsoil bases of shallow foundations with rectangular vertical cross-sectional shapes is mostly offered by the soil beneath the foundation base, while for those with wedge and T-shape vertical cross-sectional shape, both soils beneath the foundations bases and along their vertical stems, actively offers resistance to structural loads. This indicates that using foundations with wedge and T shape vertical cross-sections can help in the distribution of structural loads to less dipper soil strata, especially when stronger soil layers is underlain by weaker ones.

Keywords - Foundation shape; Load bearing capacity; Settlement; Soil base.

Education employs and has used models to describe the process of teaching and learning. The same curriculum of the professions are not but models with them we intend to train professionals in accordance with the requirements of the society and the state of science and technology. These models can and must be changed from time to time to suit the needs of society and the institution.

Keywords - chemistry, curriculum, models

The Internet holds great potentials in education. It has the capacity to innovate the school/educational system and make it more productive and efficient. In teaching, first, the Internet can be used to stimulate learners to learn actively and independently in a self directed way and/or in collaboration with others. Second, teaching/learning materials (syllabi, course outline, lecture notes, seminars, etc.) can be provided for students on the net and thus allow all to have easy access to such materials. Third, the Internet encourages the democratization of education, that is, access to education by all. Every learner (able/disabled, adult/young, employed/unemployed, etc.) has access to education, anywhere (home, school, offices, etc), any time (24 hours/day and seven day/week). Easy communication between teacher-student and student-student on teaching content is also possible. This paper exposes the importance of the Internet in education and research in our contemporary world, especially in Nigeria. It examines the different ways by which the Internet can be used to enhance teaching, learning and research in higher institutions. It also explores the educational resources in the Internet, Internet search strategies, and ways of evaluating Internet resources. Finally the paper stresses the need for lecturers to develop cognate skills and competence in the use of the Internet so as to be able to exploit its potentials for teaching, learning and research.

Keywords - Internet, World Wide Web, Search Engine, Education, Research

Project management, over the last three decades has developed into a systematic way of dealing with all aspects of construction projects. The objective of this study is to identify the risks that are caused in various construction projects and calculating the risks severity to personal and property. The general methodology of this study relies largely on the survey questionnaire which was collected from various sources. Thorough literature review has been conducted to identify the risk factors that affect the performance of the construction industry as a whole. The questionnaire prepared for the pilot survey was formulated based on the relevant literatures in the area of construction risk management. The questionnaire has been sent to three hundred and twelve companies. One hundred and fifty responded. Thus the response rate is 48% which is considered good in this type of survey. This research seeks to identify and assess the risk and to develop a management framework which the investors/developers/contractors can adopt when contracting construction works. The data were analyzed by Descriptive Statistics and ANOVA.

Keywords -Management Risk, Construction Projects Risk, Project Management and Construction management.