volume 3 ~ issue 11

This work is aimed at applying duality theory to multi-objective linear programming problems. Three methods of solutions were discussed and applied in this study with the sole aim of finding out which of these three methods is the best for solving Multi Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) problems. The major components of the models used are the weighted sum and the e-constraint terms. Dual optimal functions were used in performing sensitivity analyses. The investigation in this study was carried out using a bank's investment data whose dual results showed that the merged weighted sum/e-constraint approach is the best method for handling MOLP problems

This study investigated the time series role of population growth on economic growth in Nigeria and how economic growth is effected through population growth. This study this extends the literature by employing a linear model to analyze economic growth fluctuations vis a vis population growth. The study employed annual secondary observation from 1960 to 2008. The empirical results were based on Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) stationarity test combined with Granger Causality and Cointegration tests. Empirical results support that population growth has a significant impact on economic growth. The study also found that there is a sustainable long run equilibrium relationship between economic growth and population growth. There is also the evidence of unidirectional causality between population growth and economic growth. Policy implications of the study are provided.

 

This study aims to investigate suitable model and forecast future wheat price using backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and nonlinear autoregressive models with exogenous inputs (NARX) networks. The price of wheat was estimated using prices of 3 types of grains widely used in agriculture which are oats, barley and soybeans. The analysis was conducted using historical data on the prices from 1978 until 2012. Artificial neural networks are non-parametric statistical estimators, and thus have potential for use in estimation modeling. The variables selection criteria procedures are also developed to select a significance explanatory variable. The methods are compared to obtain the best model for predicting wheat price. Based on the results, the NARX model with 8 nodes in hidden layer and 4 tapped delay lines can be used as an alternative model predict wheat price.

KEYWORDS : artificial neural networks, price estimation, BPNN, NARX

'Satar' is a Malaysian heritage ready-to-eat (RTE) food, especially in Terengganu and Kelantan. Due to lack of standard hygiene of 'Satar' preparation, microbial load of 'Satar' prior to grilling is considerably high. Therefore, in this study, microbiological methods were used to determine the microbiological quality in raw and cooked 'Satar' at four different stalls in Kemaman and Marang, Terengganu. The samples were analysed for Aerobic plate count (APC), Enterobacteriaceae count, Staphylococcus aureus count, Yeasts and Molds count (YM) and psychrotrophic count. There were significant difference (P<0.05) between the microbiological analyses conducted between raw and cooked 'Satar' at four different stalls in Marang and Kemaman. The results showed that grilling had significantly decreased the microbial loads in 'Satar' up to 8-log10 reduction. This study also indicated that the mean of microbial quality of selected 'Satar' premises in Marang and Kemaman were not significantly different (P>0.05). This study has provided some scientific evidences on the microbiological quality that reflects the current hygienic practice of 'Satar' premises in Terengganu. The implementation of Good Hygiene Practice (GHP) and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) in 'Satar' production may improve the hygienic status and quality of 'Satar' production.

KEYWORDS :Grilling, Malaysian heritage food, microbiological quality, ready-to-eat food, 'Satar'

This study is related to Identification of low temperature waste heat recovery potential and its effective utilization for efficiency improvement in Industries in Typical Indian Conditions. The low grade heat resources are various in different Industries and due to lack of knowledge, technology, these sources are presently untapped , if utilized will result in reduction in fuel consumption. This paper identifies some of such waste heat potential in Some Industries like Hospitality ,small and medium Industries of molding ,metal and re melting . These recommendations may be replicated to similar to other Industries and Establishment where similar process of Energy uses and waste heat potential exists.

KEYWORDS : Waste heat ,laundry, Tumbler, vacuum distillation ,LPG

The objective of present article is to study the photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of m-chlorophenol present in pharmaceutical wastewater and to avoid the future accumulation of m-chlorophenol in aquatic environment. The degradation of m-chlorophenol of was investigated in presence of commercially available Degussa P-25TiO2photocatalyst and solar radiation as well as artificial UV irradiation. The effect of different operating parameters like initial concentration of m-chlorophenolcatalytic loading, pH of solution, effect of anion and cations on PCD of cipro have been investigated in detail. It was observed that as initial concentration of m-chlorophenol increase rate of PCD decreases. Optimum catalytic loading was observed at 1 g/L for m-chlorophenol concentration 0.1gm/l. The influence of pH on the PCD of m-chlorophenol was studied at pH ranging from 3 to 11 and it was found that maximum degradation rate was observed at 9 pH. From kinetic studies, it was found that the PCD obeys pseudo-first order kinetics with reaction rate constant Kapp = 0.02315 min -1. Pseudo first order rate expression of Langmuir–Hinshelwood as follows.

 

Proper drainage is a very important consideration in design of a highway. Inadequate drainage facilities can lead to premature deterioration of the highway and the development of adverse safety conditions such as hydroplaning. It is common, therefore, for a sizable portion of highway construction budgets to be devoted to drainage facilities. In essence, the general function of a highway drainage system is to remove rainwater from the road and water from the highway right-of-way. Surface water' is another word for rainwater – more specifically, rainwater that falls on the ground, on roofs and roads, pavements and paths. Water that drains from roads and footpaths flows into public drainage systems. This is known as highway drainage. Highway drainage benefits everyone that uses the road system, so there is a case for recovering the costs directly from roads authorities or users. Road drainage design has as its basic objective the reduction and/or elimination of energy generated by flowing water. Water has a number of unhelpful characteristics which impact on highway performance. It is a lubricant reducing the effectiveness of tyre grip on the carriageway wearing surface which can increase stopping distances. Road surfacing materials are traditionally designed to be effectively impermeable, and only a small amount of rainwater should percolate into the pavement layers. It is important that any such water is able to drain through underlying pavement layers and away from the formation. Hazards associated with roads and roadsides were particularly predominant. Adverse roadway elements contributing to highway accidents were substandard road way alignment or geometry, lack of shoulders and shoulder defects, absent or inappropriate pedestrian facilities, narrow and defective lanes and bridges/bridge approaches, roadside hazards, undefined pavement center and edge lines, poor sight distances and visibility, unmarked and inappropriate design of intersections, serious allocation deficiencies along the route, haphazard bus shelters/stops, and others are causes of water logging problem in highway. The problem given above should be solved immediately; otherwise the road network is unsuitable for use before its lifetime.

KEY WORDS : Removal of rainwater from the carriageway, Surface Drainage System, Uses of software, Problem of highway Drainage

 

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a specialized thermal machining process capable of accurately machining parts of hard materials with complex shapes. Parts having sharp edges that pose difficulties to be machined by the main stream machining processes can be easily machined by WEDM process. Technology of the WEDM process is based on the conventional EDM sparking phenomenon utilizing the widely accepted noncontact technique of material removal with a difference that spark is generated at wire and work piece gap. This paper describes an optimum cutting parameters for Titanium Grade5 (Ti-6Al-4V) using Wire-cut Electrical Machining Process (WEDM). The response of Volume Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (Ra) are considered for improving the machining efficiency. A brass wire of 0.25mm diameter was applied as tool electrode to cut the specimen. The Experimentation has been done by using Taguchi's L25 orthogonal array under different conditions like pulse on, pulse off, peak current, wire tension, servo voltage and servo feed settings. Regression equation is developed for the VMRR and Ra. The optimum parameters are obtained by using Taguchi method.

KEYWORDS: Optimization of Process parameters, material removal rate ,surface finish, Taguchi method, WEDM.

 

Quality evaluation of complementary food formulated from millet grain flour and moringa oleifera leaf powder was evaluated by the proximate composition, functional and sensory properties of the different blend ratios of the millet flour and moringa leaf powder using standard methods. The millet grain flour and moringa leaf powder were blended in the ratio of 100 : 0 [ sample A (control) ], 97.5 : 2.5 [sample B], 95.0 : 5.0 [sample C], 92.5 : 7.5 [ sample D], and 90.0 : 10.0[sample E]. The result of the proximate composition showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the moisture, protein, crude fibre, ash and fat content with the gradual increase in moringa leaf powder while there was a decrease in carbohydrate content. Results on the functional properties showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in the bulk density, swelling index, reconstitution index and water absorption capacity properties with the gradual increase in the moringa leaf powder. Sensory evaluation showed no significant (p<0.05) difference between sample A and B. However, there was significant (p<0.05) difference in samples A, D and E in terms of colour , flavour, taste and overall acceptability. Complementary food formulated from sample B was the most acceptable in all the sensory attributes. Moringa oleifera silviculture is being promoted as a means to combating poverty and malnutrition as the leaves are packed full of many nutrients with all the essential amino acids present, complementing the millet grain flour whose proteins are good sources of essential amino acids except lysine and threonine.

KEY WORDS: Millet grain flour , Moringa leaf powder, Complementary food, Quality evaluation

 

Wireless sensor network is fast emerging technology in which lots work is going to be done. This is used for various real time applications such as military, scientific, weapons sensor, health field, atmosphere monitoring etc. The sensor is cheap in cost and storage but major problem with this is that it has limited battery energy and more vulnerable to security threats such as DOS attack, Sybil attack and wormhole attack etc so to increase the lifetime of the network or lessen the energy consumption and also to prevent the network from various type of threats different researcher proposed and implemented so many algorithms. In this paper, we presents the literature review of different methods with their short comes.

KEYWORDS : Battery, Security, Threats, Wireless sensor network

 

The study attempted an evaluation of environmental and health effect of Nichemtex Industry after ten (10) years a similar study was carried out. Textile industry is composed of a diverse, fragmented group of establishments that produce and or process textile-related products for further processing into apparel, home furnishing and industrial goods. These processes undoubtedly generate different kinds of wastes and discharge into the environment. These generated wastes and their effects on the environment were examined and evaluated in relation to the self-reported ill health of residents in the study area.

KEYWORDS : Textile industry, Environmental problem, Health effects, Industrial wastes.

 

Electricity is a key energy source in each country and an important condition for economic development especially in industrial area. The current energy situation in the region is characterized by a rapid increase in energy demand due to urbanization, rapid population growth and economic growth all add to rising energy demand . So it is very important to know the present spatial distribution of network. Understanding the relationship between the spatial distribution of electricity network and different land use types accounting for the spatial non stationarity can help electricity planers to better evaluate the assessment of network distribution. A relatively new technique, geographically weighted regression (GWR) has the ability to account for spatial non stationarity with space. While its application is growing in other scientific disciplines, the application of this new technique in electricity distribution has not been used elsewhere. The geographic information system (GIS) , along with the two different empirical techniques( GWR and Ordinary least square regression) was used to analyze the relationship between low tension (LT) distribution and various land use classes derived from recent high resolution satellite image quick bird for Manali (Industrial region) in Chennai. Low tension was spatially interpolated in ArcGIS using interpolation techniques with zonal statistics. The explanatory variables used are the Land use parameters like built-up area, scrub, agricultural land, industry etc and the socio economic factor population growth. The OLS model performed moderately well (AIC=31.665, R2=31.9% and Adjusted R2=31.8%), the Moran's I =0.66 for the residuals from the OLS model. The best results were obtained with the GWR model (AIC=19.08, R2=51.65% and Adjusted R2=50.42%) The results suggest that GWR provides an effective estimation for modeling the LT consumer's distribution network pattern.

KEYWORDS : Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System, Geographically Weighted Regression, Ordinary least square component;

 

This paper presents the infiltration effect of various materials produced by selective laser sintered stainless steel green parts. Quality of the rapid prototyping products are decided by the various factors such as process type, type of infiltration, layer thickness, orientation, laser speed etc.,. The infiltration effect of Bell Metal, Brass, and Bronze on stainless steel green part was determined. Hardness, dimensional study bending strength and surface roughness are determined.

KEYWORDS : Infiltration, layer thickness, orientation, laser speed

 

Natural fibers have been used to reinforce materials for over 3,000 years. More recently they have been employed in combination with plastics. Many types of natural fibers have been investigated for use in plastics including Flax, hemp, jute, straw, wood fiber, rice husks, wheat, barley, oats, rye, cane (sugar and bamboo), grass reeds, kenaf, ramie, oil palm empty fruit bunch, sisal, coir, water hyacinth, pennywort, kapok, paper-mulberry, raphia, banana fiber, pineapple leaf fiber and papyrus. Application of composite materials to structures has presented the need for engineering analysis, the present work focuses on the fabrication of polymer matrix composites by using natural fibers like jute, coir, and hay which are abundant in nature in desired shapes by the help of various structures of patterns and calculating the material characteristics (flexural modulus, flexural rigidity, hardness number, % gain of water, wear resistance, bonding structure) by conducting tests like flexural test, hardness test, water absorption test, wear test, SEM analysis and their results are measured on sections of the material and make use of the natural fiber reinforced polymer composite material for automotive seat shell manufacturing

KEYWORDS : Natural fibers,material,plastics,polymer

 

This paper surveys the state of the art on new automatic road network extraction from remotely sensed imagery methods. It presents an extensive bibliography of recent references describing these methods. These new methods are classified according to a general classification (segmentation, vectorization , neural networks and genetic algorithms ) and by the application of these techniques and combination with other methods such as directional mathematical morphology based on the size of the form, the use of texture, morphology and spectral information with neural networks and also the progressive texture analysis (TPA) method Ribbon Snake and Ziplock snake , the segmentation and classification by the "Support Vector Machines " (SVM) and Fuzzy C - Mean (FCM) (compared to MRF ) and finally the method of Boosting ( Adaboosting ) . The aim of this classification is to provide a significant contribution to research in this topic.

KEYWORDS : Automatic road extraction, remote sensing, high resolution image.

 

Data deduplication is an important technique for eliminating redundant data.Insted of taking no. of same files, it store only single copy of file.In most organizations,storage system contain many pieces of duplicate data. . For example, the same file may be saved in several different places by different users. Deduplication eliminates these extra copies by saving just one copy of the data and replacing the other copies with pointers that lead back to the original copy. It is data compression technique for improve the bandwidth efficiency and storage utilization.Data deduplication most widely used in cloud computing.It make data management scalable and storage problem in cloud computing.Data deduplication protect the confidentiality of sensitive data.data deduplication work with convergent encryption technique to encrypt the data before uploading. . Companies frequently use deduplication in backup and disaster recovery applications.In this paper we attempt authorized deduplication check, combine with convergent encryption for providing security to sensitive data using hybrid cloud computing.

KEYWORDS : Deduplication, authorized duplicate check, confidentiality, hybrid cloud,covergent encryption.

 

This study was carried out to determine the perception of Nigerian Coaches Towards Compensational Strategies. A total of two hundred coaches were drawn from the population as sample for the study. They were made up of 150 male coaches and 50 female coaches. They were selected through a stratified random sampling technique based on coaching status and sex. The instrument used for data collection was a self-developed "Coaches Compensation Perception Questonnaire (CCPQ)". The data collected was analyzed, using bar and pie graphs. The findings revealed that Nigerian coaches perceived compensational strategies differently. It was also observed that each compensation holds different values to different coaches.

 

Recently, risk evaluators in Taiwan non-life insurance companies generally refers to the methods of evaluating the risk of fire insurance that have been developed abroad to carry out professional risk evaluation for huge asset targets or large-scale factories. As for middle and small commercial building projects, wrong underwriting judgment caused by human factors can be foreseen. In many claim factors related to fire, how to objectively evaluate the extent of the risk and establish predicting factors is investigated in this study.This study makes use of the classification of data mining and predicting technology to analyze and extract the useful information for decision-making according to client data by referring to past expert experience. The important factors used in the rate regulations approved by the Ministry of Finance, R.O.C. as well as the important and related items in the risk evaluation system by referring to most insurance companies are finally added to local data analysis as the input items of back-propagation neural network(BPN). After many experiments of parameter sensitivity are carried out, the overall accuracy of training sample can achieve 85.50%. The overall accuracy of test sample can achieve 82.42%. Therefore, one can infer this network can have generalization and confidence. The network parameters can be used for the reference module of the prediction of building claim. The purpose of this study is to establish the items suitable for risk evaluation of local fire insurance via adjusting the weight ratio in each item and test training as well as provide risk evaluators or underwriters can establish an integration and long-term decision-making mode of underwriting, so that the operation of insurance company can make more flexible and improve efficiency.

KEYWORDS : data mining, building fire insurance, neural network, risk evaluation

 

The connection between global and local datums is usually established by transformation parameters. This Research is aimed at transforming the local Coordinates of Birnin Kebbi to the Universal transverse Mercator (UTM - WGS84), which make the state fit into the global reference system, the need for regional and global application, as a result of the above statement two sets of transformation parameters relating the local datum on which the Kebbi origin is said to be operating and the global datum (WGS84) were studied, using six common controls on the same point, both coordinates are in the x, y, z systems. The local coordinates were obtained from the state ministry while the geodetic coordinates of the corresponding points were obtained using GPS Promark 3 on static mode of observation for a minimum of forty- five minutes. The Affine 5-parameter datum transformation was employed (2-translational parameters, 2-Rotational parameters and a Scale parameter).A transformation model was developed and computer program written to transform the coordinates, residual both in the Northern and Eastern are as shown in table4, some of the transformed coordinates in table5, statistical analysis were carried out the result shows that the coordinates obtained were the true representation of the coordinates of the local points.

KEYWORDS : Transformation, Local Coordinates, UTM coordinates, Datum, Affine Transformation

 

Semi Urban Watershed is a constituent of the trans Yamuna River Basin, Allahabad District and covers an area of 289.41Km2, representing seasonally Semi humid tropical climate. To achieve the Morphometric analysis, Survey of India (SOI) topomaps in 1:50000 scales are procured and the boundary line is extracted by joining the ridge points. The analysis has revealed that the total number as well as total length of stream segments is maximum in first order streams and decreases as the stream order increases. The bifurcation ratio (Rb) between different successive orders is almost constant revealing the partial structural control. The drainage map is prepared with the help of Geographical Information System tool and morphometric parameters such as aerial and linear aspects of the watershed have been determined. These dimensionless and dimensional parametric values are interpreted to underst and the watershed characteristics. From the drainage map of the study area dendritic drainage pattern is identified. Strahler (1964) stream ordering method is used for stream ordering of the watershed. The drainage density of the watershed is 2.79 km/km2.Hence from the study it is clear that the Morphometric analysis based on GIS techniques is very useful to understand the prevailing geo hydrological characteristics and for watershed planning and Management.

KEYWORDS : Morphometric analysis, linear parameters, areal parameters, Remote sensing, GIS and Semi Urban Watershed

 

Routing of School buses in Allahabad region is reported in present study. This type of transport routing is a great challenge because school bus transportation needs to be safe, reliable and efficient mode of journey. Hence, the research question is to answer how to transport students in the safest, most economical and convenient manner. When so many parameters are to be connected with Transportation network like travel time, speed, road resistance, turning movements, etc. For such a big network GIS proves itself as an efficient tool for solving such a network problems quickly and with a great precision. The GIS Software is determining the optimal routes from one origin to many destinations kind of problem for path routing which assist fastest, shortest and safest route to reach schools with minimizing travel distance and travel time within Allahabad city. In this research ArcGIS 10, Network Analysis tool which is directed by Dijkstra's algorithm, has used for finding the optimal path to reached different Schools in Allahabad region from SHIATS.

KEYWORDS : GIS, Network Analysis, Optimal path analysis, SHIATS